Monitoring of Poyang lake water for sewage contamination using human enteric viruses as an indicator

Zhu, Hui; Fang, Yuan; Yuan, Zhigang; Liu, Rong; Xie, Fei; Huang, Lan; Liu, Xiaojun; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Wang, Jian; Xu, Qunying; Shen, Zhiqiang; Liu, Donghan; Zhang, Ronghao; Lu, Yuanan

doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0916-0

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For the upstream and downstream sites based on the unintentional consumption of 1 mL or the deliberate consumption of 100 mL of river water, the results showed that the annual Pi with pathogenic E. coli was above that recommended for potable water [10,4] by the WHO [42]. The Pi was significantly higher in the upstream site than downstream site assuming exposure to either a 1 mL or 100 mL volume, implying that communities upstream of the WWTP were at greater risk of infection.…”

Section: Probability Of Infection With E Coli Following Exposure To mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Faecal contamination of water with pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa remains one of the main causes of waterborne diseases as these microbes can persist in polluted water for protracted periods and ultimately cause infections [3,4]. Fecal contamination of water is mainly assessed using fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and enterococci [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

et al. 2020

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Background Access to safe water for drinking and domestic activities remains a challenge in emerging economies like South Africa, forcing resource-limited communities to use microbiologically polluted river water for personal and household purposes, posing a public health risk. This study quantified bacterial contamination and the potential health hazards that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and communities may face after exposure to waterborne pathogenic bacteria in a WWTP and its associated surface water, respectively. Results Escherichia coli (Colilert®-18/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) and enterococci (Enterolert®/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) were quantified and definitively identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the uidA and tuf genes, respectively. An approximate beta-Poisson dose-response model was used to estimate the probability of infection (Pi) with pathogenic E. coli. Mean E. coli concentration ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 4.84E+ 06/100 mL; enterococci ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 3.19E+ 06/100 mL across all sampled sites. Of the 580 E. coli isolates obtained from this study, 89.1% were intestinal, and 7.6% were extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The 579 enterococci obtained were 50.4% E. faecalis (50.4%), 31.4% E. faecium, 3.5%, E. casseliflavus and 0.7% E. gallinarum. The community health risk stemming from the use of the water for recreational and domestic purposes revealed a greater health risk (Pi) from the ingestion of 1 mL of river water from upstream (range, 55.1–92.9%) than downstream (range, 26.8–65.3%) sites. The occupational risk of infection with pathogenic E. coli for workers resulting from a once-off unintentional consumption of 1 mL of water was 0% (effluent) and 23.8% (raw influent). Multiple weekly exposures of 1 mL over a year could result in a Pi of 1.2 and 100% for the effluent and influent, respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal that there is a potentially high risk of infection for WWTP workers and communities that use river water upstream and downstream of the investigated WWTP.

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Section: Probability Of Infection With E Coli Following Exposure To mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

et al. 2020

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“…This leads to the failure in assessing the occurrence of enteric viruses in surface water, which may be another important consideration for why viral contamination in water has been overlooked [ 15 ]. This is the case even where bacterial indicators are currently used in most countries around the world for assessment of fecal or pathogen contamination in surface water [ 16 ]. In such settings, it is essential to explore a sensitive indicator that sufficiently expedites an early warning system relating to the occurrence of enteric viruses, which enables corrective action to be applied in a timely manner in regions with enteric virus-contaminated waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total coliforms as an indicator of human enterovirus presence in surface water across Tianjin city, China

Miao¹,

Guo²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundEnteric viruses in surface water pose considerable risk to morbidity in populations living around water catchments and promote outbreaks of waterborne diseases. However, due to poor understanding of the correlation between water quality and the presence of human enteric viruses, the failure to assess viral contamination through alternative viral indicators makes it difficult to control disease transmission.MethodsWe investigated the occurrence of Enteroviruses (EnVs), Rotaviruses (HRVs), Astroviruses (AstVs), Noroviruses GII (HuNoVs GII) and Adenoviruses (HAdVs) from Jinhe River over 4 years and analyzed their correlation with physicochemical and bacterial parameters in water samples.ResultsThe findings showed that all target viruses were detected in water at frequencies of 91.7% for HAdVs, 81.3% for HuNoVs GII, 79.2% for EnVs and AstVs, and 70.8% for HRVs. These viruses had a seasonal pattern, which showed that EnVs were abundant in summer but rare in winter, while HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GII exhibited opposite seasonal trends. Pearson correlation analysis showed that total coliforms (TC) was significantly positively correlated with EnVs concentrations while no consistent significant correlations were observed between bacterial indices and viruses that precipitate acute gastroenteritis.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings provide insights into alternative viral indicators, suggesting that TC is a potentially promising candidate for assessment of EnVs contamination. However, it failed to predict the presence of HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GΙΙ in surface water across the city of Tianjin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3438-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Urbanization and extreme weather events such as floods and wet/dry weather overflows result in an increased amount of sewage being discharged into water bodies (3,(25)(26)(27). Sewage-contaminated water bodies are potential public health hazards and can cause severe illnesses to humans due to the presence of infectious pathogens (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Specificity and Sensitivity of Established and Novel Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Human and Nonhuman Fecal Samples

Ahmed

Gyawali

Feng

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial source tracking (MST) methods measure fecal contamination levels and identify possible sources using quantitative PCR (qPCR) that targets host-associated fecal microorganisms. To date, most established MST assays for human sources, especially bacterial markers, have shown some nonhuman host cross-reactions. Recently developed assays, such as the crAssphage CPQ_056, Lachnospiraceae Lachno3, and Bacteroides BacV6-21, have more limited information on host sensitivity and host specificity for human or sewage sources, particularly in countries other than the United States. In this study, we rigorously evaluated six sewage-associated MST assays (i.e., Bacteroides HF183, human adenovirus [HAdV], human polyomavirus [HPyV], crAssphage CPQ_056, Lachno3, and BacV6-21) to show advantages and disadvantages of their applications for MST. A total of 29 human and 3 sewage samples and 360 nonhuman fecal samples across 14 hosts collected from a subtropical region of Australia were tested for marker host specificity, host sensitivity, and concentrations. All sewage samples were positive for all six marker genes tested in this study. Bacterial markers were more prevalent than viral markers in human feces. Testing against animal hosts showed human feces (or sewage)associated marker gene specificity was HAdV (1.00) Ͼ HPyV (0.99) Ͼ crAssphage CPQ_056 (0.98) Ͼ HF183 (0.96) Ͼ Lachno3 (0.95) Ͼ BacV6-21 (0.90), with marker concentrations in some animal fecal samples being 3 to 5 orders of magnitude lower than those in sewage. When considering host specificity, sensitivity, and concentrations in source samples, the HF183, Lachno3, and crAssphage CPQ_056 tests were the most suitable assays in this study for sewage contamination tracking in subtropical waters of Australia. IMPORTANCE Large financial investments are required to remediate fecal contamination sources in waterways, and accurate results from field studies are crucial to build confidence in MST approaches. Host specificity and sensitivity are two main performance characteristics for consideration when choosing MST assays. Ongoing efforts for marker assay validation will improve interpretation of results and could shed light on patterns of occurrence in nontarget hosts that might explain the underlying drivers of cross-reaction of certain markers. For field applications, caution should be taken to choose appropriate MST marker genes and assays based on available host specificity and sensitivity data and background knowledge of the contaminating sources in the study area. Since many waterborne pathogens are viruses, employing both viral and bacterial markers in investigations could provide insight into contamination dynamics and ecological behavior in the environment. Therefore, combined usage of marker assays is recommended for more accurate and informative sewage contamination detection and fecal source resolution. KEYWORDS microbial source trackingCitation Ahmed W, Gyawali P, Feng S, McLellan SL. 2019. Host specificity and sensitivity of established and novel sewageassoc...

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Monitoring of Poyang lake water for sewage contamination using human enteric viruses as an indicator

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body

Total coliforms as an indicator of human enterovirus presence in surface water across Tianjin city, China

Host Specificity and Sensitivity of Established and Novel Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Human and Nonhuman Fecal Samples

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