Monitoring structural responses during load testing of reinforced concrete bridges: a review

Garnica, G. I. Zarate; Lantsoght, Eva O. L.; Yang, Yuguang

doi:10.1080/15732479.2022.2063906

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Stop criteria are necessary to identify the maximum load for the test which is only valid for flexure-critical such as concrete slab bridges. In this regard, cycles of loading are recommended and the bridge response after each loading cycle needs to be studied carefully (Lantsoght et al, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d, 2018; Cai and Shahawy, 2003; Casas and Gómez, 2013; Faber et al, 2000; Garnica et al, 2022; Halicka et al, 2018; De Vries et al, 2021, 2023).…”

Section: Modified Load Rating Based On Proof Load Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instrumenting the bridges for load tests is time-consuming as most of the sensors are required to calibrate, install, and wire individually. Therefore, for faster load tests with efficient response measurements, recently developed techniques can be incorporated into the sensor plan (Garnica et al, 2022). In this regard, tiltmeters can be an alternative to the less convenient displacement-measuring linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensor.…”

Section: Modified Load Rating Based On Proof Load Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and analytical approaches for load rating reinforced concrete slab bridge

Mirdad

Andrawes

2023

Advances in Structural Engineering

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Load testing of bridges is often used as a reliable method for assessing the capacity of in-service bridges with low analytical load rating factors. This paper presents a detailed load rating study of an 82-year-old concrete slab bridge with an unusually large aspect ratio of 3.73 by performing non-destructive diagnostic and proof load tests. The test-based modified rating factor is evaluated based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approach and the structural effective strip width approach which is then compared with the analytical rating factor from a simplified 1-D beam-line model. Field data is also used to evaluate the impact of the rotational stiffness of the bridge on its global response and load rating factor. The field test results based on the AASHTO approach reveal that the rating factor improves by up to 53% compared to the analytical rating factor. Monitoring the rotational residual response at the bridge supports is proven to be an effective method for assessing the global response of the bridge during field testing. The study shows that adding a rotational spring with a field-calibrated rotational stiffness to the 1-D analytical model of the bridge can significantly increase the load rating factor.

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Section: Modified Load Rating Based On Proof Load Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modified Load Rating Based On Proof Load Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and analytical approaches for load rating reinforced concrete slab bridge

Mirdad

Andrawes

2023

Advances in Structural Engineering

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“…In the definition and application of stop criteria, little attention is paid to the link with structural reliability. By considering the reliability during the test, the risk of collapse can be mitigated and additional guidance provided for the selection and placement of sensors ( 36 ).…”

Section: Suggested Improvements To the Manual For Bridge Evaluation P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof Load Testing Method by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and Suggestions for Improvement

Vries

Lantsoght

Steenbergen

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Because of the aging of infrastructure, methods are explored by which the reliability of existing bridges and viaducts can be assessed. In cases in which limited information of the structure is available or its condition is of concern, proof load testing may be used to demonstrate sufficient live load carrying capacity. Proof load tests in the U.S.A. are typically performed using the Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The proof load is expressed by the regular live load model magnified by the target proof load factor. The level of reliability obtained using the target proof load factor is not explicitly stated in the MBE, but is of particular interest. In this article, relevant background documents are investigated to uncover the underlying calculations, assumptions, and input data. Current challenges in proof load testing are described in which the considerations of time dependence, stop criteria, available information, and system-level assessment are highlighted. Subsequently, improvements to the MBE proof load testing background are suggested. An example calculation using traffic data from the Netherlands shows that the HL93 load model and Eurocode LM1 provide a reasonably constant proof load factor with span length for bending and shear. However, the HS20 load model does not scale well with increasing span length. It is found that the magnitude of the target load as specified through the proof load factor is directly related to the desired level of reliability. Although the MBE proof load testing method is practical, several challenges remain.

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“…using Robotic Total Station (Zainon and Fong Kian, 2021)), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) (Gawronek and Makuch, 2019), and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with installed stations (Xi et al, 2021), are providing valuable information on structural deformation with varying accuracy and availability. As far as short-term in-situ tests are concerned, these technologies are essential to be implemented (Zarate Garnica et al, 2022). However, these techniques are considered to be expensive and time-consuming approaches for deformation monitoring purposes, particularly in the case of long-term measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Ground Motion Service for Bridge Monitoring: Temporal and Thermal Deformation Cross-Check Using Cosmo-Skymed Insar

Eskandari,

Scaioni

2023

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper elaborates on the potential of the deformation time-series provided by European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) data points for bridge monitoring, in terms of the response of bridge structures to temporal and thermal deformations. For this purpose, high-resolution Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images have been utilized through Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PS-InSAR) to derive spatially detailed deformation time-series of two bridges located at the north of Lombardy region, Italy. Then, the Annual Displacement Velocity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of the data points in both datasets are extracted based on the corresponding deformation time-series. The response parameters are post-processed through projection and compensation steps to become comparable. Cross-checking the results by comparing the response parameters along the bridges showed that the global (for L3 products) and local (for L2b products) differential behaviour and the variation of the values of these parameters from one side to the other side of each bridge are consistent between CSK and EGMS datasets. However, the EGMS L3 information shows a slightly lower magnitude in both displacement velocity and thermal expansion coefficient responses. According to the revealed capability of EGMS information in this work, it can be concluded that the EGMS data points, if spatially cover a bridge, can present a reasonable and sufficient insight into the temporal evolution of displacement and thermal structural response, suitable for structural health monitoring and condition assessment of bridges under operational and environmental loads.

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Monitoring structural responses during load testing of reinforced concrete bridges: a review

Cited by 24 publications

References 70 publications

Experimental and analytical approaches for load rating reinforced concrete slab bridge

Experimental and analytical approaches for load rating reinforced concrete slab bridge

Proof Load Testing Method by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and Suggestions for Improvement

European Ground Motion Service for Bridge Monitoring: Temporal and Thermal Deformation Cross-Check Using Cosmo-Skymed Insar

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