Monitoring the extraction of additives and additive degradation products from polymer packaging into solutions by multi-residue method including solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis

Pouech, Charlène; Lafay, Florent; Wiest, Laure; Baudot, Robert; Léonard, Didier; Cren-Olivé, Cécile

doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7551-4

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, a higher number of positives were found by the LC-ESI method for some compounds detected at low levels for which this source was more sensitive, such as impurities of TBBPA derivatives, namely tetrabromobisphenol A mono(2-hydroxyethyl ether) (TBBPA-MHEE) and tetrabromobisphenol A mono(glycidyl ether) (TBBPA-MGE) and compounds from the Irganox class, like Irganox 1010. In fact, better sensitivity (ten times better) has been reported for Irganox 1010 for ESI compared to APCI [ 25 ]. Furthermore, the most polar compounds, such as diphenyl phosphate, were mainly detected in ESI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI

2016

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Plastics are complex mixtures consisting of a polymer and additives with different physico-chemical properties. We developed a broad screening method to elucidate the nature of compounds present in plastics used in electrical/electronic equipment commonly found at homes (e.g., electrical adaptors, computer casings, heaters). The analysis was done by (a) solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high accuracy/resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with different ionization sources or (b) direct analysis of the solid by ambient mass spectrometry high accuracy/resolution TOFMS. The different ionization methods showed different selectivity and sensitivity for the different compound classes and were complementary. A variety of antioxidants, phthalates, UV filters, and flame retardants were found in most samples. Furthermore, some recently reported impurities or degradation products derived from flame retardants were identified, such as hydroxylated triphenyl phosphate and tetrabromobisphenol A monoglycidyl ether.Graphical abstractWide screening of plastic additives by direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI and LC-ion booster ESIElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-015-9238-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI

2016

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“…Chromatographic techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6][7][8], gas chromatography (GC) [9,10], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [11,12], and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13,14] were used as analytical methods. Meanwhile, different experimental conditions and procedures have also been employed to study specific migration levels of additives into food simulants [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilizers in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography

Wang

Lin

et al. 2017

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary. The use of polypropylene materials in industry for food packaging is increasing. The presence of additives in the polymer matrix enables the modification or improvement of the properties and performance of the polymer, but these additives are potential risk for human health. In this context, an efficient analytical method for the quantitative determination of three antioxidants (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), dibutylhydroxyphenylpropionic acid stearyl ester (Irganox 1076), and tns-(2.4-ditert-butyl)-phosphite (Irgafos 168)) and five ultraviolet stabilizers (2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) (UV-P), (2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chloroben zotriazole (UV-326), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol(UV-329), and 2-hydroxy-4(octyloxy) benzophenone (UV-531)) in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. Parameters affecting the efficiency in the process such as extraction and chromatographic condition were studied in order to determine operating conditions. The analytical method showed good linearity, presenting correlation coefficients (R ≥ 0.9977) for all additives. The limits of detection and quantification were between 0.03 and 0.30 μg mL −1 and between 0.10 and 1.00 μg mL −1 for eight analytes, respectively. Average spiked recoveries in blank polypropylene packaging and food simulants were in the range of 80.4-99.5% and 75.2-106.7%, with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.9-9.1% and 0.2-9.8%. Dissolving the polypropylene food packaging with toluene and precipitating by methanol was demonstrated more effective than ultrasonic extract with acetonitrile or dichloromethane for extracting the additives. The method was successfully applied to commercial polypropylene packaging determination, Irgafos 168 and UV-P were frequently found in six commercial polypropylene films, and the content ranged from 166.47 ± 5.11 to 845.27 ± 29.31 μg g −1 and 2.10 ± 0.29 to 19.23 ± 1.26 μg g −1 , respectively.

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“…Phosphite ester antioxidants generally have a synergistic effect when used together with hindered phenolic antioxidants to achieve the best antioxidant effect. e most frequently used hindered phenolic antioxidants are BHT, Irganox 3114 (3114), Irganox 1010 (1010), Irganox 1076 (1076), Irganox 1330 (1330), and so on [9][10][11][12][13][14]. e most frequently used phosphite antioxidant is Irgafos 168 (168).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e column temperature was 35°C (Waters SymmetryShield TM RP18 column, 5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm); the injection volume was 10 μL; the UV detection wavelength was 277 nm; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; the mobile phase A was acetonitrile; mobile phase B was methanol; and mobile phase C was HAc-water (1 : 99, v/v). Peaks: (1) BHT-OH, (2) BHT-COOH, (3) 1310, (4) BHT-CHO, (5) BHT-Q, (6) DBP, (7) BHT, (8) 3114,(9) 1010,(10) 1330,(11) 1076, and(12) 168.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Contents of Antioxidants and Their Degradation Products in Sodium Chloride Injection for Blood Transfusion

Tao

Wang

Yin

et al. 2020

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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The infusion bag is mainly made up of polyolefin polymer. Antioxidants are usually added to these polymer materials in the production process to prevent the materials from aging and enhance the stability of the materials. Because of the potential harm of antioxidants to human body, it is necessary to limit the amount of antioxidants migrating to the pharmaceutical solutions. In the present study, we developed and validated the HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of antioxidants and their degradation products migrating to sodium chloride solution for injection. A total of six antioxidants and six their degradation products were separated and simultaneously determined by using a Waters Symmetry RP18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient elution of methanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid-water (1 : 99, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was set at 277 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35°C. The method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD, 0.011–0.151 μg/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.031–0.393 μg/mL), intraday precision (0.25%–3.17%), interday precision (0.47%–3.48%), linearity (0.1–46.8 μg/mL, r > 0.9994), stability (0.35%–3.29%), and accuracy (80.39%–104.31%). In the extraction experiment, antioxidants, BHT, 1010, 1330, 1076, and 168, and their degradation products, 1310 and DBP, were detected in the packaging materials. Only 1310 was detected in the migration experiment. The maximum daily dosage of sodium chloride for blood transfusion is three bags, and the content of 1310 in long-term testing samples is from 0 to 12 months ranging from 37.44 μg/3 bags to 48.71 μg/3 bags. The daily intake of 1310 did not exceed 48.71 μg, which was much lower than its permitted daily exposure (PDE, 300 μg/day). Therefore, the antioxidants and their degradation products migrating into the drug solution would not cause drug safety risks.

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Monitoring the extraction of additives and additive degradation products from polymer packaging into solutions by multi-residue method including solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI

Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI

Simultaneous determination of antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilizers in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography

Determination of the Contents of Antioxidants and Their Degradation Products in Sodium Chloride Injection for Blood Transfusion

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