Monitoring the heterogeneity in single cell responses to drugs using electrochemical impedance and electrochemical noise

Abstract

A light addressable single-cell impedance technique for cell adhesion monitoring and measurement of a cell's drug response based on electrochemical noise is introduced.

A Transparent Semiconducting Surface for Capturing and Releasing Single Cells from a Complex Cell Mixture

“…Alternative to direct morphological imaging, it is envisaged that the drug response screening of the cells either by imaging or by impedance sensing can also be performed for the captured cells using this surface. Hence, the behaviors of the captured cells can be determined prior to electrochemical recovery, followed by further single-cell gene analysis, so that the genetic profiles of the isolated cells can be correlated with the phenotype or drug response data at the single-cell level.…”

“…Nevertheless, some non-specific adsorption is less of a problem for this platform relative to many others because the identified single cells of interest can be released while the non-specifically adsorbed cells can be left on the surface. Alternative to direct morphological imaging, it is envisaged that the drug response screening of the cells either by imaging 7 or by impedance sensing 43 can also be performed for the captured cells using this surface. Hence, the behaviors of the captured cells can be determined prior to electrochemical recovery, followed by further single-cell gene analysis, so that the genetic profiles of the isolated cells can be correlated with the phenotype or drug response data at the single-cell level.…”

Ultrasensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Yttrium Benzenetricarboxylate Porous Coordination Polymer (Y-BTC) for Detection of Pb2+ from Bio-Analytes

“…EIS bears importance since it is an effective tool for evaluating electric properties at electrode surfaces. 44 Fig. 5b reflects a nyquist plot for Bare SS and Y-BTC/SS.…”

Spiers Memorial Lecture. Next generation nanoelectrochemistry: the fundamental advances needed for applications

“…104 The break junction experiment is of course very highly controlled. Other single entity experiments can be less controlled as we have seen in single cell impedance measurements 105 where the cells were exposed to anti-cancer drugs. When doxorubicin was added to media containing breast cancer cells on a silicon electrode the impedance signals suddenly became very noisy, which was related to ion-flux through the cell membranes due to the opening of ion-channels.…”

“…We examined the data with a simple frequency domain transformation of data by a mathematical algorithm such as fast Fourier transformation to identify a characteristic frequency where the magnitude of this signal related to the amount of drug that entered the cytoplasm. 105 Other simple approaches could be the Hilbert–Huang transformation 106 to extract frequency events and associated intensities and draw correlation between changes in signature electrochemical functions and ion transport through cellular ion channels. But one does wonder what more information could be extracted with the emerging machine learning techniques or when there is more complicated electrochemical data.…”