Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified maize at a grain receiving port and along transportation routes in the Republic of Korea

Park, Kee Woong; Lee, Bumkyu; Kim, Chang-Gi; Kim, Do Young; Park, Jiyoung; Ko, Eun Ju; Jeong, Soon-Chun; Choi, Kyung-Hwa; Yoon, Won Kee; Kim, Hwan Mook

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.07.006

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Even though the occurrence of some GM maize plants outside cropped area has been reported in Korea due to grain spillage during import, transportation, storage, handling and processing (Kim et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;Park et al, 2009), survival of maize plants outside cultivation in Europe is mainly limited by a combination of low competitiveness, absence of a dormancy phase, and susceptibility to plant pathogens, herbivores and frost. Since these general characteristics are unchanged in maize MON 89034 x 1507 x MON 88017 x 59122 and its segregating progeny, herbicide tolerance and insect resistance are not likely to provide selective advantages outside cultivation or other areas where glufosinate-ammonium-and/or glyphosate-based herbicides could be applied and/or under infestation by target pests in Europe.…”

Section: Gene Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-62) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present i

2010

EFSA Journal

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This scientific opinion is an evaluation of a risk assessment for placing on the market the genetically modified (GM) insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 for food and feed uses, import and processing. Maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 5912 was produced by conventional crossing and the F1 plant is hemizygous for all newly introduced genes. The maize contains cry1A.105, cry2Ab2, cry1F, pat, cry3Bb1, CP4 epsps, cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes conferring resistance against certain lepidopteran and coleopteran target pests and tolerance to glufosinate‐ammonium‐ and glyphosate‐based herbicides. The maize events MON 89034, 1507, MON 88017 and 59122 crossed together to create maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122, behave as independent genetic loci. The F2 grain harvested from maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 is expected to contain a mixture of MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all combinations of the individual events which will be imported and processed for food and feed uses. The EFSA GMO Panel has evaluated the risk assessment with respect to safety concerns which might arise through any potential combination of the following events MON 89034, 1507, MON 88017, and 59122 in maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and in its segregating progeny. Molecular analyses indicated that the structure of the inserts in the single events was retained in maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122. Updated bioinformatic analyses of the flanking sequences and the open reading frames spanning the insert‐plant DNA junctions did not raise any safety concern. Levels of the newly expressed proteins in maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 were demonstrated to be comparable with those of the single events. Comparative analyses established that maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 does not differ compositionally, agronomically and phenotypically from its conventional counterpart, and is equivalent to commercial maize varieties, except for the newly introduced traits. The safety assessment identified no concerns regarding potential toxicity and allergenicity of maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122. A feeding study on broiler chickens confirmed the nutritional equivalence of maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 to its conventional counterpart and commercial maize varieties. Considering the intended uses of maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122, which excludes cultivation within the European Union, no scientific assessment of potential environmental effects associated with cultivation of this maize was required. In case of accidental release of viable grains produced by maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 into the environment during transportation and processing, there are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment or survival of feral maize plants, except in the presence of glufosinate‐ammonium‐ and/or glyphosate‐based herbicides and/or under infestation by target pests. It is highly unlikely that the recombinan...

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Section: Gene Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-62) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present i

2010

EFSA Journal

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“…Some of the conventional methods, including human sorting, immunoassay tests, and polymerase chain reactions, [3] have several shortcomings such as subjectivity, invasiveness, low specificity, long time consumption and low accuracy [4]. On the other hand, modern spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR), Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Raman, and hyperspectral imaging, have exhibited great potential for detection, qualification, and quantification of target physical and chemical attributes of agricultural products [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative nondestructive measurement of corn seed viability using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Raman spectroscopy

Ambrose

Lohumi

Lee

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

101

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“…Single-maize plants are also part of this animal feed stuff. In a study in Korea [21], imported maize kernels were found to be usually processed and mixed with other components in the animal feed manufacturing plants, and finally consumed in the livestock barns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of volunteer and feral maize plants in Central Europe: recent data from Austria

Pascher

2016

Environ Sci Eur

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The occurrence of volunteer maize plants in subsequent crops as well as of feral maize plants in non-agricultural areas is an essential issue in risk assessments of genetically modified (GM) maize, with regard to possible contamination of natural habitats with GM material and as contribution to the total adventitious GM content of the non-GM final product. The appearance of feral maize plants has been confirmed for non-agricultural habitats in European areas with Mediterranean climate such as Spain. However, the existence of maize volunteers and feral maize outside cultivation under Central European continental climatic conditions is considered to be extremely unlikely in those winter-cold areas. Here, field observations during 5 years (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2015) in Austria are presented that confirm the occurrence of volunteer and feral maize under Central European climatic conditions. Most of these plants produced fertile inflorescences with viable pollen and fully developed cobs. Maize kernels may reach the soil by disintegration of cobs due to disease, using crushed maize cobs for game-feeding, left overs in manure dispersed during fertilisation or from transporting and handling of crushed cobs. The evidence of volunteer and feral maize in four Federal States in Austria (Burgenland, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Styria) emphasises the necessity to consider these hitherto under-emphasised factors in an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of GM maize as a possible source for transgenes in non-agricultural habitats, because these plants could act as bridge for the spread of GM material into semi-natural habitats. In accordance with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which states that in principle maize has the potential to survive as a volunteer or feral plant also in regions with cold winters, the investigation of the frequency of their occurrence under Central European conditions should be part of future monitoring programmes in order to assess their potential for permitting transgene spread.

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Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified maize at a grain receiving port and along transportation routes in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-62) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present i

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-CZ-2008-62) for the placing on the market of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and all sub-combinations of the individual events as present i

Comparative nondestructive measurement of corn seed viability using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Raman spectroscopy

Spread of volunteer and feral maize plants in Central Europe: recent data from Austria

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