Monitoring the Safety of a Smallpox Vaccination Program in the United States: Report of the Joint Smallpox Vaccine Safety Working Group of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board

Neff, John M.; Modlin, John F.; Birkhead, Guthrie S.; Poland, Gregory A.; Robertson, Rose Marie; Sepkowitz, Kent A.; Yancy, Clyde; Gardner, Pierce; Gray, Gregory C.; Maurer, Toby; Siegel, Jane D.; Guerra, Fernando; Berger, Tim; Flanders, W. Dana; Shope, Robert E.

doi:10.1086/524749

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Under the leadership of John Neff, John Modlin, and Guthrie S. Birkhead, from January 2003 through June 2004, the SVS WG reviewed safety data in detail and brought focused issues to the attention of the parent advisory committees (the ACIP and the AFEB). The observations and conclusions of this safety-oversight group are reported in this supplement [8,23]. The safety experience of subsequent vaccination continues to reflect the patterns reported here, with rare exceptions.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Between 23 January 2003 and 30 June 2004, 39,566 civilians nationwide had been recruited into the National Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program and vaccinated through state and local public health authorities, including persons in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Most had been vaccinated by 31 May 2003 [6][7][8]. Numbers of vaccinated persons varied among states and ranged from 17 in Nevada to 4033 and 4632 in Florida and Texas, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the median age for civilian vaccinees was 48 years (range, 17 to 165 years); only 24% were primary vaccinees. Only 37% of the vaccinees were male [6][7][8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of serious adverse events included 21 cases of myocarditis and/or pericarditis ("myo/ pericarditis") and 10 reports of ischemic cardiac events [7,8,[18][19][20]. The remaining articles in this supplement describe observations focused on specific aspects of safety monitoring during the 2003-2004 National Smallpox Pre-Event Vaccination Program.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations raised alarm and led to urgent and vigorous investigation, details of which are reported in this supplement by Swerdlow et al [18], Morgan et al [19], Sniadack et al [20], Neff et al [8], and Clark and Levin [10]. Investigations of ischemic cardiac events provided reassurance that these events were likely not causally associated with smallpox vaccination [18,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccination against Smallpox in the Posteradication Era

2008

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The following introduction describes the context in which the national smallpox vaccination program was implemented and highlights the significance of the key policy, programmatic, or scientific challenges, observations, and lessons learned that are presented in the articles that follow within this supplement to Clinical Infectious Diseases. Although the execution of this national program posed multiple complex and varied challenges, the focus of this supplement is on vaccine-associated adverse events and vaccine safety.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the median age for civilian vaccinees was 48 years (range, 17 to 165 years); only 24% were primary vaccinees. Only 37% of the vaccinees were male [6][7][8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccination against Smallpox in the Posteradication Era

2008

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Clinical and Immunological Response to Attenuated Tissue-Cultured Smallpox Vaccine LC16m8

Saito

Fujii²,

Kanatani³

et al. 2009

JAMA

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HE THREAT OF SMALLPOX BIOterrorism has prompted reconsideration of the need for smallpox vaccination. 1-3 Serious adverse events associated with firstgeneration vaccines such as the New York City Board of Health (Dryvax; Wyeth, Madison, New Jersey), Lister, and Ikeda strains 4-8 have raised obstacles to vaccination campaigns in the United States. 7-9 Second-generation vaccines such as ACAM2000 (Acambis, Cambridge, Massachusetts) that use a first-generation seed virus but are grown in tissue culture are also usually accompanied by a high frequency of adverse events. 10 Developing a vaccine that is safer than first-generation vaccines yet highly immunogenic is crucial to constructing a prevention plan in the event of bioterrorist attack. LC16m8 is a live, attenuated, tissuecultured third-generation vaccine comprising attenuated vaccinia virus strains as well as subunit vaccines made from viral proteins or DNA. 11 It is a desirable candidate for routine vaccination because of its low reactogenicity and reasonable safety profile. 12 Vaccination can be conveniently accomplished with a single intraepidermal scarification alone, which usually results in a visible major skin reaction ("take") similar to those resulting from first-and second-generation vaccines. 13 LC16m8 was derived from the Lister strain used for the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme of the World Health Organization 4 by temperature sensitivity and pock size See also Patient Page.

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Monkeypox outbreak 2022: What we know so far and its potential drug targets and management strategies

Rabaan

Abas

Tallei

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The disease can result in flu‐like symptoms, fever, and a persistent rash. The disease is currently spreading throughout the world and prevention and treatment efforts are being intensified. Although there is no treatment that has been specifically approved for monkeypox virus infection, infected patients may benefit from using certain antiviral medications that are typically prescribed for the treatment of smallpox. The drugs are tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir, all of which are currently in short supply due to the spread of the monkeypox virus. Resistance is also a concern, as widespread replication of the monkeypox virus can lead to mutations that produce monkeypox viruses that are resistant to the currently available treatments. This article discusses monkeypox disease, potential drug targets, and management strategies to overcome monkeypox disease. With the discovery of new drugs, it is hoped that the problem of insufficient drugs will be resolved, and it is not anticipated that drug resistance will become a major issue in the near future.

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Monitoring the Safety of a Smallpox Vaccination Program in the United States: Report of the Joint Smallpox Vaccine Safety Working Group of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board

Cited by 43 publications

References 57 publications

Vaccination against Smallpox in the Posteradication Era

Vaccination against Smallpox in the Posteradication Era

Clinical and Immunological Response to Attenuated Tissue-Cultured Smallpox Vaccine LC16m8

Monkeypox outbreak 2022: What we know so far and its potential drug targets and management strategies

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