“…Further, Fox (2010) argues that time thieves are "made, not born" and that well-intentioned, engaged, and committed workers can become time thieves due to many role or task related factors such as task clarity, lack of resources, inadequate monitoring policies, and lack of appropriate rewards. Time theft, unlike other forms of CWB, which are generally considered a low-base rate phenomena (Brock Baskin et al, 2021;Robinson & Bennett, 1995), and is more frequent than other forms of CWB-O such as theft of physical property (Brock et al, 2013). While there exists research consistent with the stressoremotion model of CWB at the within-person level (Yang & Diefendorff, 2009), the measurement of time and type of CWB has been limited and does not allow for subdimensional differences to emerge.…”