Monkeypox Transmission, Need and Treatment of Humans with an Antiviral Drug

Jabeen, Chanda; Umbreen, Gulshan

doi:10.3126/ijssm.v4i2.16684

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At the time of this review, there was no definitive evidence that antivirals were effective for treating monkeypox in humans, but since they are effective in treating animals, they are also expected to be effective in treating humans ( 6 , 165 , 166 ). Although there are no monkeypox-specific antivirals, antivirals such as brincidofovir and tecovirimat can be used to treat monkeypox ( 5 , 167 ). Tecovirimat is safe to be used in the early stages of the infection, and if treatment is initiated during the incubation period it can prevent overt clinical presentations ( 168 , 169 ).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Zahmatyar,

Fazlollahi,

Motamedi

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Zahmatyar,

Fazlollahi,

Motamedi

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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“…Since monkeypox virus and vaccinia virus are genetically related, medications effective on smallpox might also be beneficial in managing monkeypox. Antivirals suggested to defend against monkeypox include brincidofovir and tecovirimat (Jabeen & Umbreen, 2017). Brincidofovir (CMX001), a lipophilic conjugate of cidofovir with less toxicity, is an oral DNA polymerase inhibitor with anti-poxvirus activity (Hutson et al, 2021).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reemergence of monkeypox as a new potential health challenge: A critical review

Afshar

Rostami

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Human monkeypox is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus resembling smallpox in clinical course, making it difficult to distinguish it from smallpox and varicella. Laboratory diagnostics are critical components of illness identification and surveillance, and novel tests are required for more precise and quick diagnosis. The majority of human infections occur in Central Africa, where monitoring in remote regions with little infrastructure is challenging but may be performed using evidence-based methods and teaching materials that educate public health personnel on the fundamental principles of this infection. New medications and vaccinations showed promising results for the treatment and prevention of the disease, but more studies are required to show their efficacy in the actual endemic settings. Thus, more studies are needed on the virus’s epidemiology, ecology, and biology in endemic locations to better understand and prevent human infections. This review discussed the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical course of the monkeypox and indicated diagnostic and treatment approaches for this disease.

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“…However, CDC recommends consideration of cidofovir in individuals with severe monkeypox infection; brincidofovir has an improved safety profile over cidofovir as it has less renal toxicity during its use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. Tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246) is an oral antiviral agent with activity against orthopoxviruses including monkeypox in vitro and in animal studies but its effectiveness in humans is unknown (24).…”

Section: Case Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of monkeypox in Nigeria: a cause for concern and public enlightenment

Fowotade¹,

Fasuyi²,

Bakare³

2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Monkey pox infection is a zoonotic infection transmitted by direct or indirect contact with blood, body fluids and lesions of an infected animal. Human to human spread of Monkey pox has been described and infection is usually self-limiting, with an incubation period of 6-16 days. In Nigeria, the last case of monkey pox infection was recorded over 46 years ago. The recent emergence in Nigeria occurred in the year 2017 and was reported to have spread to 24 states with 228 suspected individuals affected. Laboratory diagnosis, as well as management and prevention of monkey pox infection in Nigeria, remain challenging as Nigeria is a resource-poor country with limited infrastructure, technical skill and training which is required in making a diagnosis. The ability of the monkey pox virus to evolve, its potential bioterrorism potential, as well as its recent emergence in Nigeria further justifies the need for improving the understanding of the presentation and prevention of monkey pox infection.

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Monkeypox Transmission, Need and Treatment of Humans with an Antiviral Drug

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

The reemergence of monkeypox as a new potential health challenge: A critical review

Re-emergence of monkeypox in Nigeria: a cause for concern and public enlightenment

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