Monochromatic Ultraviolet Microscopy of Microorganisms: Preliminary Observations on Bacterial Spores

Hashimoto, Tadayo

doi:10.1083/jcb.7.1.195

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…deficient in calcium or containing versene or high levels of cysteine (23). There is now, however, some evidence which tends to refute such a speculation (10). Thus, these deficient spores were re-observed with the present improved methods of electron microscopy in an attempt to determine any alteration in structure associated with a deficiency in these compounds.…”

Section: Fmore 14mentioning

confidence: 90%

Chemical and Morphological Studies of Bacterial Spore Formation

Young

Fitz-James

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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From the stage of a completed membranous forespore to that of a fully ripened free spore, synchronously sporulating cells of a variant Bacillus cereus were studied by cytological and chemical methods. Particular attention was paid to the development of the three spore layers--cortex, coat, and exosporium--in relation to the forespore membrane. First, the cortex is laid down between the recently described (5) double layers of the forespore membrane. Then when the cortex is 1/~ fully formed, the spore coat and exosporium are laid down peripheral to the outer membrane layer covering the cortex. As these latter layers appear, the spores, previously dense by dark phase contrast, gradually "whiten" or show an increase in refractive index. With this whitening, calcium uptake commences, closely followed by the synthesis of dipicolinic acid and the process is terminated, an hour later, with the formation of a fully refractile spore. In calcium-deficient media, final refractility is lessened and dipicolinic acid is formed only in amounts proportional to the available calcium. If calcium is withheld during the period of uptake beyond a critical point, sporulating cells lose the ability to assimilate calcium and to form normal amounts of dipicolinic acid. The resulting deficient spores are liberated from the sporangia but are unstable in water suspensions. Unlike ripe spores, they do not react violently to acid hydrolysis and, in thin sections, their cytoplasmic granules continue to stain with lead solutions.

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Section: Fmore 14mentioning

confidence: 90%

Chemical and Morphological Studies of Bacterial Spore Formation

Young

Fitz-James

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…1 to 3. Coniparison of spores rorllletl in rolitrol r n e t l i~~i~~ (:\) ant1 \vater (13). 'v"G-s;llts" refers to the n~odilied G-metlium witl~out glucose or yeast extract.…”

Section: Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Reversal of the Heat Susceptibility and Dipicolinate Deficiency of Spores Formed "Endotrophically" in Water

Black¹,

Hashimoto²,

Gerhardt³

1960

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Spores of Bacillz~s ccrezLs strain terminalis formed "endotrophically" by transferring-granular vegetative cells to distilled water were found to be relatively susceptible t o heat and deficient in dipicolinic acid. Calciuin ions alone, added in low conceiltratio~l shortly after the cells were placed in water, could completely relieve these abnormalities. Altho~rg-11 the water-formed spores were sensitive to heat, they were as fully resistant as normal spores to gamma radiation or phenol.

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“…Recent evidence suggests that the spore "core" may contain the dipicolinic acid (11), and that most of the mineral matter may be located in the cortical region (17). Chemical analyses of preparations of spore integuments, variously referred to as "coats" (13,32), "membranes" (40), or "walls" (30), show these to consist largely of protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition and Structure of Bacterial Spores

Warth

Ohye

Murrell

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

121

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The composition of the insoluble "integuments" and soluble "contents" fractions of spores of four Bacillus species of widely differing heat resistance were compared. Electron microscopy of thin sections was also used to determine and compare the morphological structures in the integument preparations. The soluble fractions of the thermophiles, B. coagulans and B. stearothermophilus, had a higher content of hexose and dipicolinic acid. The hexose content of both fractions of the four species was related to heat resistance. Integument fractions consisted chiefly of protein together with variable amounts of the mucopeptide constituents, a, e-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and hexosamine. In the thermophiles the DAP and hexosamine were found chiefly in the insoluble integuments fractions, while in B. cereus and B. subtilis most of this material was soluble. Integument preparations, containing mainly protein with little mucopeptide, consisted chiefly of outer and inner spore coats, while preparations having more mucopeptide contained also residual cortical material and a cortical membrane (possibly the germ cell wall). The results suggest that spore integuments consist of mainly proteinaceous outer and inner coats together with variable amounts of residual cortex and cortical membrane which contain the mucopeptide material.

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Monochromatic Ultraviolet Microscopy of Microorganisms: Preliminary Observations on Bacterial Spores

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Chemical and Morphological Studies of Bacterial Spore Formation

Chemical and Morphological Studies of Bacterial Spore Formation

Calcium Reversal of the Heat Susceptibility and Dipicolinate Deficiency of Spores Formed "Endotrophically" in Water

The Composition and Structure of Bacterial Spores

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