Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Chaves, Luciana Botelho; Achkar, Samira Maria; Silva, Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da; Caporale, Graciane Maria Medeiros; Cruz, Paula Sônia; Batista, Alexandre; Scheffer, K. C.; Fernades, Irene; Carrieri, Maria Luíza; Gaspari, Elizabeth De

doi:10.3855/jidc.6959

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sensitive, specific, economical, and timely diagnostic tests have been available for more than 50 years, and there has been increasing augmentation by molecular methods for routine rabies diagnosis 10 , 36 , 37 . Yet despite the innumerable rabies cases that occur in wildlife, domestic animals, and humans on a daily basis, only a very small fraction are diagnosed.…”

Section: Neglect Of Laboratory-based Surveillance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies

2017

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Lyssaviruses are bullet-shaped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses and the causative agents of the ancient zoonosis rabies. Africa is the likely home to the ancestors of taxa residing within the Genus Lyssavirus, Family Rhabdoviridae. Diverse lyssaviruses are envisioned as co-evolving with bats, as the ultimate reservoirs, over seemingly millions of years. In terms of relative distribution, overt abundance, and resulting progeny, rabies virus is the most successful lyssavirus species today, but for unknown reasons. All mammals are believed to be susceptible to rabies virus infection. Besides reservoirs among the Chiroptera, meso-carnivores also serve as major historical hosts and are represented among the canids, raccoons, skunks, mongooses, and ferret badgers. Perpetuating as a disease of nature with the mammalian central nervous system as niche, host breadth alone precludes any candidacy for true eradication. Despite having the highest case fatality of any infectious disease and a burden in excess of or comparative to other major zoonoses, rabies remains neglected. Once illness appears, no treatment is proven to prevent death. Paradoxically, vaccines were developed more than a century ago, but the clear majority of human cases are unvaccinated. Tens of millions of people are exposed to suspect rabid animals and tens of thousands succumb annually, primarily children in developing countries, where canine rabies is enzootic. Rather than culling animal populations, one of the most cost-effective strategies to curbing human fatalities is the mass vaccination of dogs. Building on considerable progress to date, several complementary actions are needed in the near future, including a more harmonized approach to viral taxonomy, enhanced de-centralized laboratory-based surveillance, focal pathogen discovery and characterization, applied pathobiological research for therapeutics, improved estimates of canine populations at risk, actual production of required vaccines and related biologics, strategies to maximize prevention but minimize unnecessary human prophylaxis, and a long-term, realistic plan for sustained global program support to achieve success in disease control, prevention, and elimination.

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Section: Neglect Of Laboratory-based Surveillance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies

2017

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“…The RFFIT was conducted in duplicate on 72 serum samples, following the method described by Smith et al [20], with some modifications [21]. A human international standard rabies immune globulin (SRIG) reference serum of 30 IU/mL (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, UK) recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) was diluted to 0.5 IU/mL.…”

Section: Detection Of Rabv Virus-neutralizing Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Invasive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Brazil

Perin,

Turmina,

Arias-Pacheco

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Rabies, one of the most lethal global zoonoses, affects all mammals. It remains circulating worldwide in sylvatic cycles through terrestrial and airborne reservoirs, and in Brazil, bats are currently the main reservoirs and source of transmission. Wild boars, an important invasive alien species in Brazil, are a proven food source for hematophagous bats and may participate in the Brazilian sylvatic cycle of rabies. We evaluated the presence of this pathogen in hunted wild boars from the São Paulo state using histopathology, the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA), viral isolation in cell culture (VICC), the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results of histopathological, DFA, VICC, and RT-qPCR analysis were negative for all samples; seven serum samples tested positive in the RFFIT, and titers ranged from 0.13 IU/mL to 0.5 IU/mL. The presence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in the studied wild boars suggests the circulation of the virus in these animals. Educative actions directed at hunters should include information on the prevention of this important zoonosis.

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“…Early laboratory diagnosis of rabies is crucial to confirm the status of a suspect case, in order to justify prophylactic treatment in exposed people or animals. Sensitive, specific, economical and timely diagnostic tests have been available for more than 50 years, with the more recent development of molecular methods for routine rabies diagnosis (21,22,23,24).…”

Section: Laboratory Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies on the Indian subcontinent

Rahman¹,

Isloor²

2018

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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In all of these countries, except the Maldives, rabies is endemic. An estimated 59,000 people die from rabies each year; 45% of these deaths occur on the Indian subcontinent and approximately 33% take place in India. The majority of these deaths are attributable to dog bites, and those most affected are children and the poor. Access to post-exposure prophylaxis is limited and costly, the supply of immunoglobulins and vaccines can be irregular and public awareness of rabies is low. Moreover, the vaccination of domestic dogs is not widely implemented. There is a need for increased laboratory capacity and expertise across the continent, as well as better data, improved surveillance and more user-friendly and economical diagnostic tests. An animal birth control programme has met with mixed success in India. However, a greater focus on mass dog vaccination could eliminate the disease at its source, reducing the large burden of mortality for at-risk communities. In this paper, the authors examine the situation in each of the countries on the Indian subcontinent, discuss current needs, obstacles and progress, and examine future strategies, with the objective of eliminating dog-mediated rabies from the subcontinent by 2030.

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Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies

Lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies

Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Invasive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Brazil

Rabies on the Indian subcontinent

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