Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer

Pento, J. Thomas

doi:10.21873/anticanres.12040

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Data gathered in preclinical models of various types of cancers taught that blocking CD36 might prove beneficial in stopping metastases from spreading. Lessons learned from other fields of successful clinical research show that humanized monoclonal antibodies are a valid option (reviewed in [ 99 ]). But a recent commentary estimates that development of antibodies against CD36, to be used in clinical trials, would take at least 4 years [ 100 ].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice?

Enciu

Radu

Popescu

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Metastasis requires cellular changes related to cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, immune surveillance, activation of growth and survival signalling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. In addition to tumour cells, tumour stroma is also modified in relationship to the primary tumour as well as to distant metastatic sites (forming a metastatic niche). A common denominator of most stromal partners in tumour progression is CD36, a scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake that modulates cell-to-extracellular matrix attachment, stromal cell fate (for adipocytes, endothelial cells), TGFβ activation, and immune signalling. CD36 has been repeatedly proposed as a prognostic marker in various cancers, mostly of epithelial origin (breast, prostate, ovary, and colon) and also for hepatic carcinoma and gliomas. Data gathered in preclinical models of various cancers have shown that blocking CD36 might prove beneficial in stopping metastasis spread. However, targeting the receptor in clinical trials with thrombospondin mimetic peptides has proven ineffective, and monoclonal antibodies are not yet available for patient use. This review presents data to support CD36 as a potential prognostic biomarker in cancer, its current stage towards achieving bona fide biomarker status, and knowledge gaps that must be filled before further advancement towards clinical practice.

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Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice?

Enciu

Radu

Popescu

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…Subsequently, thanks to the new genetic engineering techniques, it was possible to obtain different types of monoclonal antibodies used for the treatment of both hematological and solid tumors. In particular, there are 4 types of monoclonal antibodies available: murine, chimeric, humanized and human monoclonal antibodies, which differ each other by the percentage of murine protein portion present in the immunoglobulin (Pento, 2017 ).…”

Section: The Revolution Of Targeted Therapy: Selective Kinase Inhibitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium

2018

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The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the first modern therapeutic approach in medical oncology. However, a real breakthrough took place after the Second World War, with the discovery of cytotoxic antitumor drugs and the birth of chemotherapy for the treatment of various hematological and solid tumors. Starting from this epochal turning point, there has been an exponential growth of studies concerning the use of new drugs for cancer treatment. The second fundamental breakthrough in the field of oncology and pharmacology took place at the beginning of the ‘80s, thanks to molecular and cellular biology studies that allowed the development of specific drugs for some molecular targets involved in neoplastic processes, giving rise to targeted therapy. Both chemotherapy and target therapy have significantly improved the survival and quality of life of cancer patients inducing sometimes complete tumor remission. Subsequently, at the turn of the third millennium, thanks to genetic engineering studies, there was a further advancement of clinical oncology and pharmacology with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced or metastatic tumors, for which no effective treatment was available before. Today, cancer research is always aimed at the study and development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Currently, several researchers are focused on the development of cell therapies, anti-tumor vaccines, and new biotechnological drugs that have already shown promising results in preclinical studies, therefore, in the near future, we will certainly assist to a new revolution in the field of medical oncology.

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“…Cancer cells develop new checkpoint targets and antigens as they undergo mutation. Modern techniques like cancer genome sequencing can be utilized to study new targets for MAbs therapy, which may lead to the development of more effective MAbs [ 45 ].…”

Section: Treatment Strategies For Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination Therapy and Nanoparticulate Systems: Smart Approaches for the Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer

et al. 2020

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Breast cancer has become one of the biggest concerns for oncologists in the past few decades because of its unpredictable etiopathology and nonavailability of personalized translational medicine. The number of women getting affected by breast cancer has increased dramatically, owing to lifestyle and environmental changes. Besides, the development of multidrug resistance has become a challenge in the therapeutic management of breast cancer. Studies reveal that the use of monotherapy is not effective in the management of breast cancer due to high toxicity and the development of resistance. Combination therapies, such as radiation therapy with adjuvant therapy, endocrine therapy with chemotherapy, and targeted therapy with immunotherapy, are found to be effective. Thus, multimodal and combination treatments, along with nanomedicine, have emerged as a promising strategy with minimum side effects and drug resistance. In this review, we emphasize the multimodal approaches and recent advancements in breast cancer treatment modalities, giving importance to the current data on clinical trials. The novel treatment approach by targeted therapy, according to type, such as luminal, HER2 positive, and triple-negative breast cancer, are discussed. Further, passive and active targeting technologies, including nanoparticles, bioconjugate systems, stimuli-responsive, and nucleic acid delivery systems, including siRNA and aptamer, are explained. The recent research exploring the role of nanomedicine in combination therapy and the possible use of artificial intelligence in breast cancer therapy is also discussed herein. The complexity and dynamism of disease changes require the constant upgrading of knowledge, and innovation is essential for future drug development for treating breast cancer.

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Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice?

Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice?

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium

Combination Therapy and Nanoparticulate Systems: Smart Approaches for the Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer

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