Monoclonal Antibodies That Distinguish Antigenic Variants of
            <i>Canine Parvovirus</i>

Nakamura, Masato; Nakamura, Kenzo; Miyazawa, Takayuki; Tohya, Yukinobu; Mochizuki, Masahito; Akashi, Hiroomi

doi:10.1128/cdli.10.6.1085-1089.2003

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Under the circumstances it is necessary to keep monitoring CPV circulating in the field, and it has been performed in many countries. A simple and easy genetic analysis has been used frequently and detected many genetically novel CPV variants from canids and felids throughout the world and it appears to show a more geographically defined evolution pattern including Japan [3,4,18,20,31,32,48]. However, not all cases of such genetic mutation cause antigenic changes, or are involved in different biological phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are CPV-2c(a) and CPV-2c(b) viruses which were isolated from Vietnamese leopard cats in 1997 [18,19], and "Glu-426" virus which was detected from Italian dogs in 2000 [5]. CPV-2c(a) and 2c(b) have a naturally occurring mutation in the VP2 residue 300 Gly to Asp from the new CPV-2a and 2b VP2, respectively, and they could be serologically distinguished from the previous antigenic types [18,31]. CPV-2c(a) was also identified in a dog in Korea [20], suggesting the circulation of CPV-2c(a) type in domestic dog population.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. Fifty-five canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV) samples, 12 fecal specimens and 43 cell culture isolates, were examined for their genetic characteristics of VP2 gene. They were collected from the diseased dogs at various districts of Japan during 27 years from 1980 to 2006. A fragment of VP2 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and DNA sequencing. The original antigenic type 2 of CPV (CPV-2) was no longer found in the samples since 1984, and two antigenic variants CPV-2a and CPV-2b replaced CPV-2 as predominant types for about 5 years from 1982. A new genetic variant of prototype CPV-2a with non-synonymous substitution at the VP2 amino acid residue 297 from Ser to Ala was first detected in 1987. New CPV-2b with the same amino acid substitution at position 297 as new CPV-2a was also detected from the samples collected in 1997. Since then new CPV-2b has been the predominant CPV over the field of Japan. Several additional amino acid substitutions were detected in the VP2 gene of some recent CPV strains. Neither CPV-2c(a), CPV-2c(b), nor "Glu-426" of the antigenic variants previously found outside the country was detected in any samples tested. Reactivity of new CPV-2a and 2b variants against antibodies produced by the current vaccine products was determined by a cross hemagglutination-inhibition test. The recent field CPV isolates reacted more efficiently to the antibodies produced in dogs vaccinated with the new CPV-2b vaccine strain than the conventional CPV-2 vaccine strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan

et al. 2008

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“…Therefore, virus isolation (VI) for the detection of CPV from dogs in diagnostic laboratories has gradually become uncommon and has been replaced by simpler methods, particularly PCR, which has become the principal diagnostic tool for CPV infection [12]. On the other hand, for discovering new biological changes of CPV in the field antigenic typing by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralization tests with MAbs is necessary [35,37,38,43,[45][46][47], which requires that virus be grown in cell culture. Thus, VI is indispensable for a complete analysis of CPV properties.…”

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Recombination Between Vaccine and Field Strains of Canine Parvovirus is Revealed by Isolation of Virus in Canine and Feline Cell Cultures

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV) is a pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with a high fatality rate in pups worldwide. Since CPV emerged in the late 1970s, its origin has been explored with the conclusion that CPV originated from feline panleukopenia virus or a closely related virus. Both high mutation rate and recombination are assumed to be key factors in the evolution of parvoviruses. Here we provide evidence for natural recombination in CPV isolated from dogs in cell culture. Antigenic and genetic properties of isolates from 10 diseased pups were elucidated. Six pups had been vaccinated beforehand with live combined vaccine containing original antigenic type CPV (CPV-2). Six isolates recovered from 4 vaccinated pups in cell cultures were found to contain either CPV-2 or CPV-2-like viruses. The other isolates, including all those from non-vaccinated pups, were CPV-2b viruses. Antigenic typing of two CPV-2-like isolates, 03-029/M and 1887/f, with a monoclonal antibody panel suggested they were a mixture of CPV-2 and CPV2a (03-029/M) and a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2b (1887/f). Genetic analysis of the VP1 gene indicated that isolate 03-029/M was a mixture of CPV-2, CPV-2a and a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2a viruses, while isolate 1887/f was composed of a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2b viruses. This is the first demonstration of natural CPV recombination in the field and suggests that recombination in the evolution of CPV is a more frequent and important process than previously believed. KEY WORDS: canine parvovirus, cell culture, dog, parvovirus, recombination.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(12): 1305-1314 Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV), one of the feline parvovirus (FPV) subspecies, emerged suddenly throughout the world in the late 1970s as a new pathogen that caused severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis in domestic dogs [1,2,7,20,23,40]. Mortality rate is usually high, particularly in non-immune pups. The origin of the virus is still not clear but the most likely hypothesis from phylogenetic analysis is that CPV originated from feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) or a very closely related carnivore parvovirus of feral canids, such as foxes and mink [52,55]. There has been speculation that, during circulation for some time in an European local dog population, this ancestral CPV gradually adapted for domestic dogs and the emergent original CPV (antigenic type 2: CPV-2) rapidly spread globally as a new pathogen of domestic dogs.In the early 1980s, this first CPV-2 disappeared from the field having been replaced by a new antigenic variant designated CPV-2a, and another antigenic variant CPV-2b appeared soon afterwards. These variants can be distinguished by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) [35,43,[45][46][47]. CPV-2a and 2b use both canine and feline transferrin receptors for binding to cells both in vitro and in vivo [17,42] and consequently can infect dogs as well as cats [34,56]. In contrast, CPV-2 can infect both feline and canine cells in vitro but infects only dogs in vivo [57]...

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“…CPV-2a had regained the host range for cats and was also antigenically variant (29,46,58,80). Additional single mutations of CPV-2a that have become widely distributed since 1980 include the substitution of VP2 residue 426 (Asn to Asp) to give the antigenic variant designated CPV-2b, which appears to be the same as CPV-2a in host range and other properties (74,81).…”

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Purified Feline and Canine Transferrin Receptors Reveal Complex Interactions with the Capsids of Canine and Feline Parvoviruses That Correspond to Their Host Ranges

Palermo

Hafenstein

Parrish

2006

J Virol

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Receptor binding is a key step in the life cycles of all animal viruses, and in many cases the virus-receptor interactions determine both the host susceptibility and tissue tropism. Receptors for different viruses include carbohydrates and proteins, and in some cases multiple receptors work in concert to mediate cell binding and infection (33,37,66,71,73). For nonenveloped viruses the interaction with the receptor initiates a series of steps that leads to capsid endocytosis, sorting of the particle into an endosomal compartment for penetration into the cytoplasm, disassembly to allow release of the infectious material, and transport of the genome and associated proteins within the cell to allow replication (37,39,42,60,61,70). Infection of cells by most viruses involves complex interactions and structural changes induced by receptor binding, low pH, or endosomal proteolysis that allow membrane penetration and intracellular delivery (39,66,89,90).Our studies of the viral-cell interactions and intracellular trafficking pathways of canine and feline parvoviruses have shown that the specific interactions between viral capsids and host transferrin receptors (TfR) are critical to infection (24-26, 48, 50). Canine parvovirus (CPV) and the closely related feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are small nonenveloped viruses that, depending on the strain of virus, infect cats and/or dogs. They provide a model for the process of cell infection and also for the control of viral host range through capsid-receptor interactions (reviewed in reference 27). CPV emerged as a pandemic virus in dogs during the 1970s, and the strain of virus that spread widely in 1978 was designated CPV type-2 (CPV-2) to distinguish it from a previously known but distinct parvovirus, minute virus of canines (57, 67). CPV-2 differs from FPV or closely related viruses in only a small number of sequence changes (68, 81), and the ability to infect dogs or dog cells is controlled by changes in a raised region of the capsid surrounding the threefold axis of icosahedral symmetry (the threefold spike) (1). Amino acids affecting host range in natural variants or laboratory-derived mutants included VP2 residues 93 (Lys in FPV; Asn in CPV), 323 (Asp in FPV; Asn in CPV), 299 (Gly in wild-type CPV-2; Glu in the host range mutant CPV-2-G299E), and 300 (Ala in wild-type CPV; Asp in the mutant CPV-2-A300D) (12,23,24,36,51).During 1979 a variant strain of CPV, CPV type-2a (CPV2a), emerged in dogs and within 1 year had replaced CPV-2 worldwide (56, 58); the variant contained differences of VP2 residues 87, 101, 300, and 305 (53-55). CPV-2a had regained the host range for cats and was also antigenically variant (29,46,58,80). Additional single mutations of CPV-2a that have become widely distributed since 1980 include the substitution of VP2 residue 426 (Asn to Asp) to give the antigenic variant designated CPV-2b, which appears to be the same as CPV-2a in host range and other properties (74,81).FPV and CPV both bind the feline TfR and use that receptor for cell infection; ...

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Monoclonal Antibodies That Distinguish Antigenic Variants of Canine Parvovirus

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan

Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan

Recombination Between Vaccine and Field Strains of Canine Parvovirus is Revealed by Isolation of Virus in Canine and Feline Cell Cultures

Purified Feline and Canine Transferrin Receptors Reveal Complex Interactions with the Capsids of Canine and Feline Parvoviruses That Correspond to Their Host Ranges

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