Monocyte- and macrophage-mediated immune reactions against Eimeria bovis

Taubert, Anja; Behrendt, Jan Hillern; Sühwold, Anke; Zahner, Horst; Hermosilla, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.003

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The frequencies of the two other most prevalent species (E. arloingi and E. ninakohlyakimovae) increased thereafter but remained longer in time in contrast to E. christenseni, which might indicate a correlation with the farm history of sustained clinical coccidiosis observed in the farm in goat kids during the weaning period. The particularities of the life cycle, the virulence and the innate/acquired cellular immune response developed by the host against the different parasitic stages of each Eimeria species could explain those differences as reported for bovine coccidiosis (Hermosilla et al 2002;Daugschies and Najdrowski 2005;Taubert et al 2009;Sühwold et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Control strategies using diclazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids

et al. 2011

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Coccidiosis is probably the main parasitic disease affecting goat kids around the weaning period, leading to high economic losses in goat production due to deaths and delayed growth rates of infected animals. A total of 101 kids of 2-4 weeks of age, naturally infected with Eimeria spp., were divided into five groups and studies were conducted to analyse the effects of metaphylactic administration of diclazuril (Vecoxan®) on parasitological and productive parameters. Two different doses of diclazuril (1 and 2 mg/kg BW, p.o.) were given either at 3 weeks (single treatment) or at 3 and 5 weeks of life (double treatment). The faecal oocyst shedding and the body weights of the animals were monitored at 2-weeks intervals for 6 consecutive weeks. Treatments of goat kids with diclazuril were effective against the three most predominant Eimeria species recorded in this study (E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae and E. christenseni) and also against other minor species found in faecal examinations, including E. alijevi, E. caprina, E. jolchijevi, E. caprovina, E. hirci and E. aspheronica). In consequence, OPG values lower than 1 × 10(3) were detected in 90 to 100% of the animals up to 15-20 days post-treatment depending on the treatment regimen. Even a single dose of 1 mg/kg BW p.o. resulted in an increase of growth rates in treated animals and therefore should be considered as a control strategy in farms precluding coccidian infections, whilst double and multiple dose treatments could be the recommendation for environments heavily contaminated with Eimeria oocysts. In relation to the OPG reduction and increased growth rates, the severity of the clinical signs (i.e., diarrhoea) was ameliorated in treated animals during the course of infection compared to that of non-treated or control kids. The precise timing of treatment appears crucial in order to prevent severe clinical coccidiosis and thereby enabling the adequate development of protective immune response against Eimeria challenge infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Control strategies using diclazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids

et al. 2011

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“…The same group (Sühwold et al 2010) has also shown that after an initial expansion of CD4+ T cells and gd+ T cells in the gut of animals after primary infection there was no increased infiltration of either cell type after challenge infection. The phagocytosis of Eimeria by macrophages has also been clearly demonstrated in cattle, independent of the presence of immune serum (Behrendt et al 2008) and augmented by immune serum (Taubert et al 2009). More recently, the roles of neutrophils in resistance to bovine Eimeria were shown to include neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) activity on sporozites of E. bovis with subsequent decreased parasite infectivity in vitro (Behrendt et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In 1999, Hermosilla et al demonstrated elevations of CD4+ lymphocytes in the circulation and lymph nodes of primarily infected calves. Taubert et al (2009) have subsequently shown that early primary infection is characterised by IFN-g and IL-2 production by lymphocytes, while later phases are characterised by IL-4. In their study, there was no evidence of any memory-associated Th1 reactions to challenge infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Toltrazuril 5 % Suspension against Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in Calves and Observations on the Associated Immunopathology

et al. 2011

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16 Calves were each infected with suspensions containing a mixture of approximately 230,000 Eimeria bovis and 70,000 E. zuernii oocysts, which resulted in detection of oocysts in faeces of 12 of 16 calves by day +14 after infection. On day +14 after infection calves were either treated (n = 8) with toltrazuril at 15 mg/kg body weight or with a placebo. Observations were made on the clinical condition, faecal score and liveweight of calves daily from one day post infection (pi) until 24 days pi when all calves were euthanised and examined post mortem. Samples were collected from ileum and colon for histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression studies. The study demonstrated an efficacy of toltrazuril for the treatment of E. bovis and E. zuernii infections in calves reaching 99 % (based on arithmetic mean oocyst counts in faeces) within three days of treatment and remaining at or above this level for six days. Toltrazuril did not have a significant effect on the pattern and extent of immune cellular infiltration in the mucosa of ileum and colon, but the expression of the genes coding IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α in the ileum and TNF-α in the colon were elevated in calves treated with toltrazuril. Higher levels of oocyst shedding were significantly associated with lower expression of genes coding for IL-2, IL-10 and higher IP-10. It is concluded that toltrazuril is effective for the treatment of coccidiosis due to E. bovis and E. zuernii in calves and enables the development of a normal or enhanced immune response to infection.

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“…With cattle, IP-10 gene expression is increased in monocytes/ macrophages from Eimeria bovis-infected animals stimulated with E. bovis sporozoites or antigen, likely contributing to the attraction of mononuclear cells to infection sites and a Th1-dominated adaptive response to this parasite (27). IP-10 levels are also elevated in SCID-bovine chimeric mice in response to M. bovis infection, and treatment with anti-bovine WC1 (a subset of ␥␦ T cells in cattle) reduces plasma IP-10 (3).…”

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confidence: 99%