Monokaryotic hyphae germinated from a single spore of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake

Murata, Hitoshi; Ohta, Akira; Yamada, Akiyoshi; Horimai, Yuka; Katahata, Shin-Ichiro; Yamaguchi, M.; Neda, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.myc.2014.08.004

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the respective sequences could contribute to the occurrence of ϳ99%, but not 100%, sequence identity levels. Therefore, the relationships among NBRC 33136, G1, and Ar 59 were clarified by reanalyzing the sequences of their rDNA IGS1 and ITS regions, as well as megB1, and identifying the SNPs present within each strain to determine whether they shared the same common heterokaryotic nuclei (Murata et al 2015). megB1 is a phylum-specific mobile DNA element located outside of rDNA in T. matsutake and closely related taxa, and is used as a single-copy marker; however, it is also a core component of the rDNA IGS1 region, and used as a multi-copy-marker in many other members of the Agaricomycetes (Babasaki et al 2007;Murata et al 2013a).…”

Section: Proof That G1 Is a Mutant Of Strain Nbrc 33136mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike L. bicolor and H. cylindrosporum, neither T-DNA based binary vector systems nor protoplast generation systems are available for use in the generation of monokaryons, genetic transformations, and insertional and UV mutagenesis in T. matsutake (Murata et al 2006a). In addition, haploid strains are rarely generated from single spores in vitro; primary hyphae are predominantly dikaryotic, and the rare isolated haploid strains barely grow on agar media (Murata et al 2015). We have previously, however, reported the isolation of a mutant of T. matsutake strain NBRC 33136 by argon-ion beam irradiation ( 40 Ar 17+ ; 95 MeV·m −1 ; linear energy transfer [LET] = 280 keV·m −1 ; Abe et al 2011Abe et al , 2015 using heavy-ion accelerators at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory operated by the RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Murata

Nakano

Yamanaka

et al. 2019

Botany

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Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete that produces matsutake mushrooms in association with conifers. Here, we isolated a pleiotropic mutant, designated as G1, following ␥-ray irradiation of T. matsutake NBRC 33136. In addition to exhibiting increased cellulose-and amylose-degrading activities and altered mycelial morphology, G1 degenerated lateral roots and caused stunting or fatal wilting of seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro. A mutant, designated Ar 59, previously isolated after argon-ion beam irradiation, exhibited the same phenotypes as G1, but without its detrimental effects. Ar 59, like NBRC 33136, developed a Hartig net around healthy cortical cells that was composed of uniseriate hyphae. In G1-inoculated seedlings, the Hartig net was composed of heavily bundled hyphae penetrating the intercellular space, and it was accompanied by somewhat unusual forms of plant cortical cells. Sequences of rRNA gene-related markers, including four single nucleotide polymorphisms present within each strain, were 100% identical among NBRC 33136, G1, and Ar 59, indicating that they are mutants of the wild-type. Thus, ␥-ray irradiation can convert the fungus from a beneficial to a harmful agent. These findings suggest the presence of an unknown mechanism in the fungal genome that can transform mutualism into parasitism.Résumé : Tricholoma matsutake est un agaromycète ectomycorhize qui produit les champignons matsutake en association avec les conifères. Les auteurs ont isolé ici un mutant pléiotropique qu'ils ont désigné G1, à la suite d'une irradiation ␥ de T. matsutake NBRC 33136. En plus de présenter une activité accrue de dégradation de la cellulose et de l'amylose et une morphologie mycéliale modifiée, G1 provoquait la dégénérescence des racines latérales et un retard de croissance ou une flétrissure fatale des jeunes plants de son partenaire symbiotique, Pinus densiflora, in vitro. Un mutant désigné Ar 59, isolé précédemment après une irradiation à un faisceau d'argon ionisé, présentait le même phénotype que G1, mais sans les effets néfastes. Ar 59, comme NBRC 33136, développait un réseau de Hartig autour des cellules corticales saines, composé d'hyphes unisériées. Chez les plantules inoculées avec G1, le réseau de Hartig était composé d'hyphes en faisceau pénétrant l'espace intercellulaire et était accompagné par des cellules corticales végétales de formes quelque peu inhabituelles. Les séquences de marqueurs reliés aux gènes de l'ARNr, y compris quatre polymorphismes de nucléotides uniques présents dans chaque souche, étaient 100% identiques entre NBRC 33136, G1 et Ar 59, indiquant qu'ils constituent des mutants de la souche sauvage. Ainsi, l'irradiation gamme peut convertir le champignon d'une forme bénéfique en un agent pathogène. Ces données suggèrent la présence d'un mécanisme inconnu dans le génome fongique qui peut transformer le mutualisme en parasitisme. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : enzymes de dégradation, mutagenèse par irradiation gamma, faisceau d'ion...

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Section: Proof That G1 Is a Mutant Of Strain Nbrc 33136mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Murata

Nakano

Yamanaka

et al. 2019

Botany

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“…This suggests isolation and diversification of T. matsutake populations during the last ice age (Ray and Adams 2001). One of the main questions to be addressed by future studies concerns the integration and connectivity of T. matsutake populations throughout its modern range (Suzuki 2005;Murata et al 2015a). Although high-resolution genetics can provide evidence of gene flow among populations (Kretzer et al 2005;Vincenot et al 2012), it remains difficult to demonstrate the reproductive isolation of any particular one.…”

Section: Circumboreal Distribution Of T Matsutake and Related Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although high-resolution genetics can provide evidence of gene flow among populations (Kretzer et al 2005;Vincenot et al 2012), it remains difficult to demonstrate the reproductive isolation of any particular one. In an attempt to resolve this issue, monokaryotic cultures of T. matsutake populations should be established (Murata et al 2015a) to determine mating type and interfertility.…”

Section: Circumboreal Distribution Of T Matsutake and Related Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of the Japanese Gourmet Fungus, Tricholoma matsutake: A Review of the Distribution and Functional Ecology of Matsutake

Vaario

Yang

Yamada

2017

Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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“…Studies on sequence polymorphisms in mushrooms are rare. However, a recent study on monokaryotic strains of Tricholoma matsutake has shown the presence of two SNPs in a 431-bp single copy DNA segment [ 14 ]. Through sequence analysis, we found five SNPs in Lcc4 and two SNPs in Lcc7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus-Selective Expression of Laccase Genes in the Dikaryotic Strain ofLentinula edodes

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Mycobiology

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In mating of Lentinula edodes, dikaryotic strains generated from certain monokaryotic strains such as the B2 used in this study tend to show better quality of fruiting bodies regardless of the mated monokaryotic strains. Unlike B2, dikaryotic strains generated from B16 generally show low yields, with deformed or underdeveloped fruiting bodies. This indicates that the two nuclei in the cytoplasm do not contribute equally to the physiology of dikaryotic L. edodes, suggesting an expression bias in the allelic genes of the two nuclei. To understand the role of each nucleus in dikaryotic strains, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in laccase genes of monokaryotic strains to reveal nuclear origin of the expressed mRNAs in dikaryotic strain. We performed reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis using total RNAs extracted from dikaryotic strains (A5B2, A18B2, and A2B16) as well as from compatible monokaryotic strains (A5, A18, and B2 for A5B2 and A18B2; A2 and B16 for A2B16). RT-PCR results revealed that Lcc1, Lcc2, Lcc4, Lcc7, and Lcc10 were the mainly expressed laccase genes in the L. edodes genome. To determine the nuclear origin of these laccase genes, the genomic DNA sequences in monokaryotic strains were analyzed, thereby revealing five SNPs in Lcc4 and two in Lcc7. Subsequent sequence analysis of laccase mRNAs expressed in dikaryotic strains revealed that these were almost exclusively expressed from B2-originated nuclei in A5B2 and A18B2 whereas B16 nucleus did not contribute to laccase expression in A2B16 strain. This suggests that B2 nucleus dominates the expression of allelic genes, thereby governing the physiology of dikaryons.

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Monokaryotic hyphae germinated from a single spore of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Biogeography of the Japanese Gourmet Fungus, Tricholoma matsutake: A Review of the Distribution and Functional Ecology of Matsutake

Nucleus-Selective Expression of Laccase Genes in the Dikaryotic Strain ofLentinula edodes

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