The self-assembly of nanometer-sized objects into larger ensembles is an efficient way to fabricate complex functional nanosystems.[1] A typical example of such assembling strategies is the layer-by-layer adsorption of charged macromolecules of alternate sign to give rise to multilayered films of a complex vertical architecture. These can incorporate proteins, inorganic clusters and platelets, C 60 , dyes, conducting polymers, DNA, and even viruses. [2][3][4][5] Charged macromolecules, also known as polyelectrolytes, adsorb easily onto surfaces due to electrostatic, van der Waals, and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions. This makes them ideal candidates as a molecular glue to build complex functional systems in a layer-by-layer fashion, such as magnetic [6] and catalytic [7] films, memoryswitching devices, [8] nacre mimics, [9] optical coatings, [10] superhydrophobic [11] and biocompatible active [12,13] surfaces, photoactive systems, [14] carbon nanotube assemblies, [15] and so on.[4]Attempts to laterally control the size of such assemblies have been previously reported, but have so far been limited to the micrometer-scale and above. [16] Of challenging interest would be to succeed in controlling multilayer build-up in the nanometer range, when the size of the macromolecules is similar to the size of the objects to be built. This would allow the creation of three-dimensional nano-objects that have a vertical composition controlled by the succession of adsorption events, and of a lateral size identical to those of typical macromolecules. In contrast to current nanofabrication technologies, [17] these systems would permit the incorporation of the vast library of currently existing soft-matter objects. From a more basic point of view, decreasing the lateral size of multilayers in the nanometer range is expected to perturb the conformations of the macromolecules, which offers a supplementary tool to tune the properties of the system. Usually, global control over the conformation of charged chains can be performed by adjusting the ionic strength of the solutions, to screen electrostatic interactions between charged units.[18]However, local control of chain conformation has never been attained despite its basic and practical interests for, e.g., biomineralization, [19] biocompatibility and fouling issues, and for biosensing applications. [20,21] Here, lateral (horizontal) control over the growth of such self-assembled multilayers, down to dimensions smaller than the typical size of the macromolecular chains, is demonstrated. In addition, the conformations of the adsorbed macromolecules are shown to be strongly perturbed with respect to the usual, macroscopic case, due to self-confinement in restricted spaces. Apart from opening large perspectives for the fabrication of complex three-dimensional soft and hybrid nanostructures, the results indicate that conformations of macromolecules may be locally tuned by the proper design of the surfaces on which they adsorb. Here, the focus is on model chains that consist of two stron...