Monolithic multi-channel GSa/s transient waveform recorder for measuring radio emissions from high energy particle cascades

Varner, G.; Gorham, P. W.; Cao, Jing

doi:10.1117/12.458018

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ASIC design presented here is the natural evolution of a series of ASICs that have been developed for radio neutrino detection [7,8], recording of photodetector output with precision timing [9,10], and highly integrated photodetector readout [11]. In order to meet the demands of next-generation IACT arrays for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy, we draw upon this ASIC development experience to optimize the design of such highly integrated, cost-effective readout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TARGET: A multi-channel digitizer chip for very-high-energy gamma-ray telescopes

Bechtol

Funk

Okumura

et al. 2012

Astroparticle Physics

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The next-generation very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array, will feature dozens of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), each with thousands of pixels of photo-sensors. To be affordable and reliable, reading out such an array of up to a million channels requires event recording technology that is highly integrated and modular, with a low cost per channel. We present the design and performance of a chip targeted to this application: the TeV Array Readout with GSa/s sampling and Event Trigger (TARGET). This application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has 16 parallel input channels, a 4096-sample buffer for each channel, adjustable input termination, self-trigger functionality, and tight window-selected readout. We report the performance of the first-generation version of this chip (TARGET 1) in terms of sampling frequency, power consumption, dynamic range, current-mode gain, analog bandwidth, and cross talk. The large number of channels per chip allows a low cost per channel ($10 to $20 including front-end and back-end electronics but not including photosensors) to be achieved with a TARGET-based IACT readout system. In addition to basic performance parameters of the TARGET 1 chip, we present a camera module prototype as well as a second-generation chip (TARGET 2), both of which have now been produced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TARGET: A multi-channel digitizer chip for very-high-energy gamma-ray telescopes

Bechtol

Funk

Okumura

et al. 2012

Astroparticle Physics

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“…The basic design for node electronics centers on the use of a switched-capacitor array (SCA) transient digitizer, which is only read out and sent to the surface when the local node is triggered; a prototype of the basic design, which uses Gigabit ethernet on one fiber per node to the surface, is described by G. Varner et al [25,26].…”

Section: A Application To Detector Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator measurements of the Askaryan effect in rock salt: A roadmap toward teraton underground neutrino detectors

et al. 2005

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We report on further SLAC measurements of the Askaryan effect: coherent radio emission from charge asymmetry in electromagnetic cascades. We used synthetic rock salt as the dielectric medium, with cascades produced by GeV bremsstrahlung photons at the Final Focus Test Beam. We extend our prior discovery measurements to a wider range of parameter space and explore the effect in a dielectric medium of great potential interest to large scale ultra-high energy neutrino detectors: rock salt (halite), which occurs naturally in high purity formations containing in many cases hundreds of km 3 of water-equivalent mass. We observed strong coherent pulsed radio emission over a frequency band from 0.2-15 GHz. A grid of embedded dual-polarization antennas was used to confirm the high degree of linear polarization and track the change of direction of the electric-field vector with azimuth around the shower. Coherence was observed over 4 orders of magnitude of shower energy. The frequency dependence of the radiation was tested over two orders of magnitude of UHF and microwave frequencies. We have also made the first observations of coherent transition radiation from the Askaryan charge excess, and the result agrees well with theoretical predictions. Based on these results we have performed a detailed and conservative simulation of a realistic GZK neutrino telescope array within a salt-dome, and we find it capable of detecting 10 or more contained events per year from even the most conservative GZK neutrino models.

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“…All have been fabricated in the TSMC 0.25µm CMOS (LO) process and have been packaged in a 100pin plastic TQFP package. Economics and package performance simulations [11] drove this decision. BGA packages were considered and may be used in the future to reduce the contribution due to lead inductance, however all test results are shown for this same 16.6 x 16.6 mm plastic package.…”

Section: Architectural Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Layout of the LAB1 ASIC quite directly follows the arrangement of the functional blocks in the schematic diagram. While efforts were made to optimize the coupling of the input signal based on earlier efforts with the STRAW [11] architecture, the choice of LAB1 input structure represented a compromise, as shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Architectural Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The large analog bandwidth recorder and digitizer with ordered readout (LABRADOR) ASIC

Varner

Ruckman

Nam

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Three generations of full-custom analog integrated circuits designed for low-power, high-speed sampling of Radio-Frequency (RF) transients in excess of the Nyquist minimum have been developed. These 0.25µm CMOS devices are denoted the Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder and Digitizer with Ordered Readout (LABRADOR) ASICs and finally consist of 9 channels of 260 deep sampling. Continuous sampling is provided with common stop capability. Input analog bandwidth is approximately 1GHz and sampling speeds are adjustable from 0.02 to 3.7GSa/s. Completely parallel internal conversion supports 12-bit digitization and readout of all 2340 cells in under 50µs. * Corresponding author. Tel./

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Monolithic multi-channel GSa/s transient waveform recorder for measuring radio emissions from high energy particle cascades

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

TARGET: A multi-channel digitizer chip for very-high-energy gamma-ray telescopes

TARGET: A multi-channel digitizer chip for very-high-energy gamma-ray telescopes

Accelerator measurements of the Askaryan effect in rock salt: A roadmap toward teraton underground neutrino detectors

The large analog bandwidth recorder and digitizer with ordered readout (LABRADOR) ASIC

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