Monolithic perovskite/silicon-homojunction tandem solar cell with over 22% efficiency

Wu, Yiliang; Yan, Donghang; Peng, Jun; Wan, Yimao; Phang, Sieu Pheng; Shen, Heping; Wu, Nandi; Barugkin, Chog; Fu, Xiao; Surve, Sachin; Grant, Dale; Walter, Daniel; White, Thomas P.; Catchpole, Kylie; Weber, Klaus

doi:10.1039/c7ee02288c

Cited by 202 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In recent years, significant advances in lab‐scale multijunction PCE have been reported, abundantly for perovskite‐Si and modestly for perovskite‐CIGS multijunction solar cells . The prospect of scalable high‐efficient perovskite‐Si and perovskite‐CIGS multijunction solar modules holds substantial potential for a disruptive change in the PV market .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Jaysankar

Paetel

Ahlswede

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Perovskite‐based multijunction solar cells can potentially overcome the power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits of established solar cell technologies. The technology combines high‐efficiency perovskite top solar cells with crystalline silicon (c‐Si) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) single‐junction solar cells enabling a more efficient harnessing of solar energy. In this work, we present high‐efficiency and scalable perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules in a four‐terminal configuration. We design the multijunction solar modules for minimal optical losses through careful optical engineering. In addition to optimized light coupling, the solar modules are fabricated in a scalable device design. Starting from lab‐scale cells of 0.13 cm2, we scale up the multijunction devices by two orders of magnitude to 16 cm2 and investigate the various losses affecting the PCE of large‐area multijunction solar modules, thus providing valuable insights into scalability of the technology. The champion perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules exhibit higher PCE than the stand‐alone devices on sizes up 16 cm2, paving the way for high‐effiency perovskite‐based multijunction photovoltaics. This work brings to forth relevant upscaling aspects of perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology, which is a key milestone in the road to commercial feasibility of the perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Jaysankar

Paetel

Ahlswede

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…It has been demonstrated that a textured anti-reflection (AR) foil featuring pyramidal features enhances the light harvesting ability of monolithic silicon/perovskite tandem devices 17,22 due to the enhanced anti-reflection from the front and enhanced light trapping in the Si cell. Other work has shown that texturing that replicates the surface of a rose petal has even better anti-reflection properties.…”

Section: Further Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,31 Parasitic absorption of short wavelength light also exists in the ITO/MoO 3 stack, which is also the most commonly used transparent conductive stack for the top of the semi-transparent perovskite in a tandem. 17,32 The thin MoO 3 protects the perovskite cell from sputter damage from the deposition of ITO, which is responsible for electrical conduction. Absorption in the ITO/MoO 3 /HTM stack hinders the effectiveness of the use of the high bandgap perovskite.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Zheng

Lau

Mehrvarz

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

202

186

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aMonolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells show great promise for further efficiency enhancement for current silicon photovoltaic technology. In general, an interface (tunnelling or recombination) layer is usually required for electrical contact between the top and the bottom cells, which incurs higher fabrication costs and parasitic absorption. Most of the monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells demonstrated use a hetero-junction silicon (Si) solar cell as the bottom cell, on small areas only. This work is the first to successfully integrate a low temperature processed (r150 1C) planar CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cell on a homo-junction silicon solar cell to achieve a monolithic tandem without the use of an additional interface layer on large areas (4 and 16 cm 2 ).Solution processed SnO 2 has been effective in providing dual functions in the monolithic tandem, serving as an ETL for the perovskite cell and as a recombination contact with the n-type silicon homo-junction solar cell that has a boron doped p-type (p++) front emitter. The SnO 2 /p++ Si interface is characterised in this work and the dominant transport mechanism is simulated using Sentaurus technology computer-aided design (TCAD) modelling. The champion device on 4 cm 2 achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0% under reverse-scanning with a V OC of 1.68 V, a J SC of 16.1 mA cm À2 and a high FF of 78% yielding a steady-state efficiency of 20.5%. As our monolithic tandem device does not rely on the SnO 2 for lateral conduction, which is managed by the p++ emitter, up scaling to large areas becomes relatively straightforward. On a large area of 16 cm 2 , a reverse scan PCE of 17.6% and a steady-state PCE of 17.1% are achieved. To our knowledge, these are the most efficient perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cells that are larger than 1 cm 2 . Most importantly, our results demonstrate for the first time that monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells can be achieved with excellent performance without the need for an additional interface layer. This work is relevant to the commercialisation of efficient large-area perovskite/homo-junction silicon tandem solar cells. Broader contextA simple approach for integrating a perovskite solar cell monolithically onto a Si solar cell is reported here. The first advantage of this approach is that it does not require additional fabrication of an additional interface layer between the perovskite and Si cell. The second advantage of this approach is that it is compatible with a homo-junction p-n Si solar cell, which is a common Si solar cell structure for commercial cells. The third advantage is that the entire sequence for the planar perovskite cell fabrication is done at low temperatures, minimising damage to the bottom Si solar cell. The fourth advantage is that the SnO 2 electron transport layer of the perovskite top cell also serves as a recombination contact with the silicon bottom cell. Finally, this monolithic tandem approach does not rely on the SnO 2 for lateral conducti...

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“…The parasitic absorption by 50 nm PTAA HTM, mostly occurring in the blue region, contributes to a current loss of ≈1.16 mA cm −2 . Thanks to the use of a much thinner film, this is substantially diminished compared to ≈2.7 mA cm −2 arising from ≈100 nm Spiro‐OMeTAD in our previous tandem design . The next most significant losses in order of importance stem from the MoO x buffer layer (≈0.76 mA cm −2 ), the front IZO contact layer (0.72 mA cm −2 ), and the metal on the rear side of the Si cell (≈0.62 mA cm −2 ).…”

Section: Optical Modeling and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells: Pathways to Over 30% Efficiency

Shen

Walter

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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115

107

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The article commences with a review focusing on three critical aspects of the perovskite/Si tandem technology: the evolution of efficiencies to date, comparisons of Si subcell choices, and the interconnection design strategies. Building on this review, a clear route is provided for minimizing optical losses aided by optical simulations of a recently reported high‐efficiency perovskite/Si tandem system, optimizations which result in tandem current densities of ≈20 mAcm−2 with front‐side texture. The primary focus is on electrical modeling on the Si‐subcell, in order to understand the efficiency potential of this cell under filtered light in a tandem configuration. The possibility of increasing the Si subcell efficiency by 1% absolute is offered through joint improvements to the bulk lifetime, which exceeds 4 ms, and improves surface passivation quality to saturation current densities below 10 fA cm−2. Polycrystalline‐Si/SiOx passivating contacts are proposed as a promising alternative to partial‐area rear contacts, with the potential for further simplifying cell fabrication and improving device performance. A combination of optical modeling of the complete tandem structure alongside electrical modeling of the Si‐subcell, both with state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools, provides the first complete picture of the practical efficiency potential of perovskite/Si tandems.

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Monolithic perovskite/silicon-homojunction tandem solar cell with over 22% efficiency

Abstract: An innovative design for a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell, featuring a mesoscopic perovskite top subcell and a high-temperature tolerant homojunction c-Si bottom subcell.

Cited by 202 publications

References 38 publications

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells: Pathways to Over 30% Efficiency

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