Monolithic Whispering-Gallery Mode Resonators With Vertically Coupled Integrated Bus Waveguides

Ghulinyan, Mher; Guider, R.; Pucker, G.; Pavesi, L.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2011.2157487

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In fact, this tunability has already been studied in passive SiN disks [2,3,16]. In active devices it is of practical importance, e.g.…”

Section: Tunability On the Coupling Strength Of Disk Pl To Bus Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and characterization of on-chip silicon nitride microdisk integrated with colloidal quantum dots

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Aubert³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We designed and fabricated free-standing, waveguide-coupled silicon nitride microdisks hybridly integrated with embedded colloidal quantum dots. An efficient coupling of quantum dot emission to resonant disk modes and eventually to the access waveguides is demonstrated. The amount of light coupled out to the access waveguide can be tuned by controlling its dimensions and offset with the disk edge. These devices open up new opportunities for both on-chip silicon nitride integrated photonics and novel optoelectronic devices with quantum dots. Vittorio, "Emission control of colloidal nanocrystals embedded in Si 3N4 photonic crystal H1 nanocavities," Microelectron. Eng. 87(5-8), 1435-1438 (2010). 11. S. Gupta and E. Waks, "Spontaneous emission enhancement and saturable absorption of colloidal quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal cavity," Opt. Express 21(24), 29612-29619 (2013 2015 Optical Society of America

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“…In fact, this tunability has already been studied in passive SiN disks [2,3,16]. In active devices it is of practical importance, e.g.…”

Section: Tunability On the Coupling Strength Of Disk Pl To Bus Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicon nitride (SiN), due to its fairly high optical index (~2.0), broad operating wavelength range, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing technology, is a promising material as the basis for an integrated optics platform [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of on-chip silicon nitride microdisk integrated with colloidal quantum dots

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Aubert³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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“…1(a)). In contrast to the traditional lateral coupling geometry, where typically only the most external first radial mode family (RMF) experiences an appreciable coupling to the waveguide, the vertical coupling geometry allows for an independent lateral and vertical positioning of the wavegarXiv:1407.4973v1 [physics.optics] 18 Jul 2014 uide, permitting thus to freely tune the coupling to the different mode families, in particular to the more internal ones [25,26]. Since these latter typically have lower intrinsic quality factors, the vertical coupling geometry is crucial to our experiments, as it allows for several RMFs to be simultaneously close to critical coupling and, therefore, visible in transmission spectra.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intermode reactive coupling induced by waveguide-resonator interaction

et al. 2014

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We report on a joint theoretical and experimental study of an integrated photonic device consisting of a single mode waveguide vertically coupled to a disk-shaped microresonator. Starting from the general theory of open systems, we show how the presence of a neighboring waveguide induces reactive inter-mode coupling in the resonator, analogous to an off-diagonal Lamb shift from atomic physics. Observable consequences of this coupling manifest as peculiar Fano lineshapes in the waveguide transmission spectra. The theoretical predictions are validated by full vectorial 3D finite element numerical simulations and are confirmed by the experiments.PACS numbers: 42.25. Hz, 42.60.Da, 42.82.Gw,31.30.jf The study of the consequences of coupling a physical system to an environment constitutes the central problem in the theory of open systems [1]. This coupling, on one hand, allows the system to dissipate energy through active decay channels. On the other hand, its reactive component leads to a shift of energy levels and oscillation frequencies of the system. Most celebrated examples of this physics involve an atom coupled to the bath of electromagnetic modes [8], namely, the (dissipative) spontaneous emission of photons from an excited state [2-4] and the (reactive) Lamb shift of transition frequencies [5][6][7].Pioneering experimental studies in late 1970's [9] showed that destructive interference of different decay paths, leading to the same final continuum, can suppress absorption by a multilevel atom via the so-called Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) [10] and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) [11,12] mechanisms. While originally these phenomena were discovered in the atomic physics context, a continuous interest has been devoted to analogous effects in solid-state systems [13], photonic devices [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and, very recently, optomechanical systems [21]. Though in most experiments only the dissipative features are affected by the interference, the theory predicts that a similar phenomenon should also occur on the reactive coupling side [1].In photonics, the presence of a waveguide in the vicinity of a resonator activates new radiative decay channels for the resonator modes via emission of light into the waveguide mode [22][23][24]. The corresponding reactive effect is a shift of the resonator mode frequencies, which can be interpreted as the photonic analogue of the atomic Lamb shift. In this Letter, we report on a joint theoretical and experimental study of a photonic device in which pairs of modes of very similar frequencies are coupled simultaneously to the same waveguide mode. Both the dissipative and the reactive couplings of the cavity modes to the waveguide turn out to be modulated by interference phenomena between the two modes, which can be summarized as environment-induced inter-mode cou-

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“…While several experimental realizations of vertically coupled resonator/waveguide systems have been reported [8][9][10][11], no specific study of the influence of the vertical gap on the coupling efficiency has been performed yet. The issue of the vertical RWC has been discussed in Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory Vertical Coupling between a Whispering-Gallery Resonator and a Bus Waveguide

et al. 2013

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We report on a combined theoretical and experimental study of the optical coupling between a microdisk resonator and a waveguide laying on different planes. While the lateral coupling between a planar resonator and a waveguide is characterized by a unique distance at which the resonant waveguide transmission vanishes because of destructive interference, the vertical coupling geometry exhibits an oscillatory behavior in the coupling amplitude as a function of the vertical gap. This effect manifests experimentally as oscillations in both the waveguide transmission and the mode quality factor. An analytical description based on coupled-mode theory and a two-port beamsplitter model of the waveguide-resonator coupling is developed, which compares successfully both to experimental data and numerical simulations.

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Monolithic Whispering-Gallery Mode Resonators With Vertically Coupled Integrated Bus Waveguides

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Fabrication and characterization of on-chip silicon nitride microdisk integrated with colloidal quantum dots

Fabrication and characterization of on-chip silicon nitride microdisk integrated with colloidal quantum dots

Intermode reactive coupling induced by waveguide-resonator interaction

Oscillatory Vertical Coupling between a Whispering-Gallery Resonator and a Bus Waveguide

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