Monolythically Integrated Optical Distance Measurement Sensor with Double-Cathode Photodetector

Oberhauser, K.; Zach, Gerald; Nemecek, A.; Zimmermann, Horst

doi:10.1109/imtc.2007.379083

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To give an indication of the achievable distances using a laser with just 1 mW of optical power, the following estimation is presented. With given parameters the used power of the transmitted measurement laser P opt,tra , the diameter of the sensor lens d lens , the measured distance d meas , and the reflectivity of the target ρ 0 the impact of an optical system on the received power P opt,rec can be calculated by [13]:…”

Section: Measurement Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Indirect Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor With Integrated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in 0.35 μm CMOS

et al. 2022

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This work describes the architecture and measured capabilities of an optical distance sensing application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) manufactured in 0.35 µm CMOS with a nominal supply voltage of 3.3 V for indirect time-of-flight. An integrated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with an active diameter of 38 µm is used as detector with 6.6 V excess bias, active quenching and active resetting circuit. Phase measurement is performed using a digital correlation approach with digital counters. Due to the unmatched sensitivity of SPADs, sub-cm accuracy measurements can be performed with a received signal power in the pW range. Background light ratios up to 24.1 dB still allow sub-cm precision. Depending on the required accuracy and the received optical power, the measurement time can be adjusted freely up to several seconds only limited by digital counter depth. Compared to a pin-photodiode iTOF sensor in the same technology, this chip has a sensitivity improvement of 33.3 dB and 40.7 dB for a distance accuracy of 1 cm and 10 cm, respectively, while reducing the effective measurement time by 75% at the same time. The chip size is 1.4 mm × 1.4 mm including two correlator blocks, for simultaneous acquisition of two phase steps. The number of correlators is scalable allowing parallel measurements of phase correlations.

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Section: Measurement Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Indirect Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor With Integrated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in 0.35 μm CMOS

et al. 2022

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“…The electronic measurement of distance [4] started to be using microwaves (radio frequencies) [9,10], sound waves (Doppler-based method) [11,12] and optical methods [13]. The optical-based methods can be further divided into longdistance concepts using lasers [14][15][16] and short distance concepts using infrared-light emitting diode (IR-LED based) light (up to 1 m). Many of long-distance (measurement of units and tens of meters) approaches employ partially optical-based signal processing (optical active elements, filters, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) The size of full prototype (including various universal development boards) is enormous [17,18] for applications similar to the one discussed in this paper. (c) The majority of systems targets on direct measurement of frequency, time or time difference [9,11,12,[14][15][16]18]. (d) Concepts with average complexity use some digital embedded platform (development board solving complex signal processing) that increases costs [12,14,17,18], and also power consumption of such systems is quite high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) The majority of systems targets on direct measurement of frequency, time or time difference [9,11,12,[14][15][16]18]. (d) Concepts with average complexity use some digital embedded platform (development board solving complex signal processing) that increases costs [12,14,17,18], and also power consumption of such systems is quite high. These systems require development of single-purpose software for digital signal processing or/and for performing the evaluation of an algorithm itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These systems require development of single-purpose software for digital signal processing or/and for performing the evaluation of an algorithm itself. (e) Methods fit for various ranges of distances, however, three groups can be distinguished: microwave [9,10] and IRbased [17][18][19] methods for short distances from millimeters up to one meter, ultrasound methods from centimeters to units of meters [11,12] and laser-based methods for long distances from meters up to kilometers [14][15][16]. (f) Nonlinear dependence of the sensed quantity on distance is standard for IR sensor-based systems [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-cost remote distance and height sensing analog device for laboratory agriculture environments

Šotner¹,

Polák²,

Jerabek³

2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This paper introduces a novel simple readout system for infrared (IR) distance measurement and transmission in closed environments, for instance small-area agriculture, employing transformation of distance on settable duty cycle variation. This simple analog system utilizes active devices fabricated in 0.35 μm 3.3 V I3T25 ON Semiconductor CMOS process. Analog system generates and transmits the information in form of the duty cycle of square wave signal with frequency of 3 kHz up to 46.6 kHz in full range (approximately between 10% and 90%) or half range (above 50%) due to requirements of various types of receivers. There is no requirement for any special processing software. The transmitted waveform is received by a low-cost phototransistor in distance at least 30 mm (case when the transmitter and receiver are placed directly on both sides of dividing glass plate). The proposed concept was tested for distance measurement (up to 70 mm) by commercially available distance sensor connected to the communication system and can be utilized for different use cases (e.g. monitoring of growth of small plants or mushrooms). The measuring range (sensitivity and dynamical range) of the sensing system can be easily adjusted. The experiments indicate error between the transmitted and received value below 5%. The overall error of the system between the evaluated and real measured distance is below 10%. All presented tests confirmed operationability of the proposed system.

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Current assisted photonic mixing devices fabricated on high resistivity silicon

et al. 2008

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Monolythically Integrated Optical Distance Measurement Sensor with Double-Cathode Photodetector

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Highly Sensitive Indirect Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor With Integrated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in 0.35 μm CMOS

Highly Sensitive Indirect Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor With Integrated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in 0.35 μm CMOS

Low-cost remote distance and height sensing analog device for laboratory agriculture environments

Current assisted photonic mixing devices fabricated on high resistivity silicon

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