1994
DOI: 10.2307/4088811
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Monophyly of the Falconiformes Based on Syringeal Morphology

Abstract: ASSTRACT.-The systematic relationships of the diurnal birds of prey (Falconiformes) are unresolved. The monophyly of the order has not been established, and the relationships of the families within the order and of genera within the three polytypic families are unclear. To derive a phylogeny for the order and to assess the usefulness of the syrinx for resolving the systematics of nonpasserines, I analyzed variation in syringeal morphology of genera within each of the currently recognized families in the order … Show more

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Cited by 74 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…Kemp and Crowe 1990;Griffiths 1994;Seibold and Helbig 1995;Mindell et al 1997). Monophyly of a clade including these taxa is, however, only weakly supported and especially inclusion of Cathartidae and Sagittariidae into the "Falconiformes" was repeatedly doubted; it is further controversial whether, owls (Strigiformes) are more closely related to diurnal raptors or to part of the "higher land bird assemblage" (Cracraft 1981;Sibley and Ahlquist 1990;Griffiths 1994;. The relationships between the traditional "falconiform" taxa also are far from being resolved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Kemp and Crowe 1990;Griffiths 1994;Seibold and Helbig 1995;Mindell et al 1997). Monophyly of a clade including these taxa is, however, only weakly supported and especially inclusion of Cathartidae and Sagittariidae into the "Falconiformes" was repeatedly doubted; it is further controversial whether, owls (Strigiformes) are more closely related to diurnal raptors or to part of the "higher land bird assemblage" (Cracraft 1981;Sibley and Ahlquist 1990;Griffiths 1994;. The relationships between the traditional "falconiform" taxa also are far from being resolved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The relationships between the traditional "falconiform" taxa also are far from being resolved. Whereas many authors considered Accipitridae to be the sister group of the Falconidae (Wetmore 1960;Cracraft 1981), some molecular studies (Sibley and Ahlquist 1990;Fain and Houde 2004) and an analysis of syringeal characters by Griffiths (1994) showed the Accipitridae to be more closely related to the Sagittariidae than to the Falconidae. It was even assumed by some authors that falcons are not closely related to hawks at all (Starck 1959;Jollie 1977;Olson 1985).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the number of the tracheal rings forming the tympanum were reported as 3-4 in the domestic chicken 3 , as 4 in the Denizli rooster 31 as 3 in the long legged buzzard 5 and in ostrich 37 , the number of tracheal rings could not be determined certainly in goose. As mentioned above, the pessulus -located at the caudo-medial side of the tympanum-was made up of connective tissue in some species such as pigeons 2,38 and the ostrich 37 , whereas this structure was absent in penguins 14, 23 , larks 2,17 , pelicans, cormorants, grebes and the kiwi 23 . The pessulus was reported to be cartilaginous in chickens 2-4,18 and owls 23 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…As mentioned above, the pessulus -located at the caudo-medial side of the tympanum-was made up of connective tissue in some species such as pigeons 2,38 and the ostrich 37 , whereas this structure was absent in penguins 14, 23 , larks 2,17 , pelicans, cormorants, grebes and the kiwi 23 . The pessulus was reported to be cartilaginous in chickens 2-4,18 and owls 23 . If the pessulus is composed of bone tissue, the membrana tympaniformes medialis will be more stuff, vibrate more strongely and after all the more rotund sound will be made.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
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