Monosynaptic connections between neurons of trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus and jaw-closing motoneurons in the rat: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase labelling study

Luo, Peng; Li, Ji-Shuo

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90011-j

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Muscles of the face, eye, jaw, and neck are innervated by projections from the TSNC to motoneurons in the facial and trigeminal motor nuclei, to motoneurons located in the upper cervical spinal cord and to the superior colliculus (Sessle et al, 1986). From the mesencephalic nucleus proprioceptive neurons project to the trigeminal motor nucleus (Szentagothai, 1948), the reticular nuclei, the cerebellum (Billig et al, 1995) and as far caudally as the upper cervical cord (Matsushita et al, 1981;Wang and May, 2008). Neurons of the principal sensory nucleus ascend to the thalamus (Smith, 1975;Matsushita et al, 1981;Ro and Capra, 1994), the superior colliculus (Smith, 1975;Matsushita et al, 1981;Huerta et al, 1983;Ro and Capra, 1994;Pellegrini and Evinger, 1995), cerebellum (Somana et al, 1980), and the trigeminal (Smith, 1975) and facial motor nuclei (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1979).…”

Section: Central Projections Of the Tsncmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal sensory trigeminal nucleus receives input mainly from large-diameter fibers regarding discriminative sensation in the face and intraoral structures, along with proprioceptive input from the TMJ. The spinal trigeminal nucleus processes mechanical, thermal, and nociceptive input from the TMJ, facial, and cervical skin; oral and laryngeal mucosa; muscles of the neck, jaw, and tongue; the posterior dura, and cerebral arteries (Abrahams et al, 1979;Matsushita et al, 1981;Sessle et al, 1986;Sessle, 2000Sessle, , 2002Bartsch andGoadsby, 2002, 2003;Edvinsson, 2011). Collateral projections of trigeminal ganglion neurons have been traced to both the principal sensory nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Li et al, 1992).…”

Section: The Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2), to motoneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, to the cerebellum and basal ganglia, and via the thalamus to the motor cortex (Luo and Li, 1991;Sessle, 2000). Muscles of the face, eye, jaw, and neck are innervated by projections from the TSNC to motoneurons in the facial and trigeminal motor nuclei, to motoneurons located in the upper cervical spinal cord and to the superior colliculus (Sessle et al, 1986).…”

Section: Central Projections Of the Tsncmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychiatric comorbidities such as compulsive behaviors and depression are common (Zurowski et al, 2013). There is good evidence that dystonia reduces quality of life both for people with the disorder and for their caregivers Lim, 2007;Slawek et al, 2007;Pekmezovic et al, 2009;Zetterberg et al, 2009). Despite the high incidence, dystonia remains poorly understood, and treatment options are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complex in the Pathophysiology of Craniocervical Dystonia

Bradnam

Barry²

2013

J. Neurosci.

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Isolated focal dystonia is a neurological disorder that manifests as repetitive involuntary spasms and/or aberrant postures of the affected body part. Craniocervical dystonia involves muscles of the eye, jaw, larynx, or neck. The pathophysiology is unclear, and effective therapies are limited. One mechanism for increased muscle activity in craniocervical dystonia is loss of inhibition involving the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC). The TSNC is tightly integrated into functionally connected regions subserving sensorimotor control of the neck and face. It mediates both excitatory and inhibitory reflexes of the jaw, face, and neck. These reflexes are often aberrant in craniocervical dystonia, leading to our hypothesis that the TSNC may play a central role in these particular focal dystonias. In this review, we present a hypothetical extended brain network model that includes the TSNC in describing the pathophysiology of craniocervical dystonia. Our model suggests the TSNC may become hyperexcitable due to loss of tonic inhibition by functionally connected motor nuclei such as the motor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Disordered sensory input from trigeminal nerve afferents, such as aberrant feedback from dystonic muscles, may continue to potentiate brainstem circuits subserving craniocervical muscle control. We suggest that potentiation of the TSNC may also contribute to disordered sensorimotor control of face and neck muscles via ascending and cortical descending projections. Better understanding of the role of the TSNC within the extended neural network contributing to the pathophysiology of craniocervical dystonia may facilitate the development of new therapies such as noninvasive brain stimulation.

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Section: Central Projections Of the Tsncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central Projections Of the Tsncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complex in the Pathophysiology of Craniocervical Dystonia

Bradnam

Barry²

2013

J. Neurosci.

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“…GABA immunoreactive boutons have been reported to form 28 % of all boutons within the trigeminal motor nucleus and to form axo-axonic contacts, as well as axo-dendritic and axo-somatic contacts (Saha et al 1991). In addition, axo-axonic contacts have been identified as the terminals of labelled spindle afferents (Luo & Li, 1991). Therefore, one possibility is that GABAergic interneurones are responsible for producing the high levels of transmission failure at synapses of spindle afferents on to trigeminal motoneurones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS

1994

The Journal of Physiology

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We have used both eletrophysiological and ultrastructural methods to determine if glutamate may act as an excitatory transmitter at synapses on to trigeminal motoneurones. The electrophysiological experiments consisted of recording minature EPSP activity from trigeminal motoneurones and assessing the effect on this activity of application of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2-3-dione (CNQX), an antagonist of the AMPA (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) sub-type of the glutamate receptor. The preparation used was a tissue slice preparation (500 /am thickness) taken from animals aged 8 days. The slices were maintained at 25°C in an interface chamber where they were perfused with ACSF containing tetrodotoxin (0-6 /SM). The whole-cell patch

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Electron microscopic observation of synaptic connections of jaw-muscle spindle and periodontal afferent terminals in the trigeminal motor and supratrigeminal nuclei in the cat

et al. 1996

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Previous studies indicate that the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) and supratrigeminal nucleus (Vsup) receive direct projections from muscle spindle (MS) and periodontal ligament (PL) afferents. The aim of the present study is to examine the ultrastructural characteristics of the two kinds of afferent in both nuclei using the intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection technique in the cat. Our observations are based on complete or near-complete reconstructions of 288 MS (six fibers) and 69 PL (eight fibers) afferent boutons in Vmo, and of 93 MS (four fibers) and 188 PL (four fibers) afferent boutons in Vsup. All the labeled boutons contained spherical synaptic vesicles and were presynaptic to neuronal elements, and some were postsynaptic to axon terminals containing pleomorphic, synaptic vesicles (P-endings). In Vmo neuropil, MS afferent boutons were distributed widely from soma to distal dendrites, but PL afferent boutons predominated on distal dendrites. Most MS afferent boutons (87%) formed synaptic specialization(s) with one postsynaptic target while some (13%) contacting two or three dendritic profiles; PL afferents had a higher number of boutons (43%) contacting two or more dendritic profiles. A small but significant number of MS afferent boutons (12%) received contacts from P-endings, but PL afferent boutons (36%) received three times as many contacts from P-endings as MS afferents. In Vsup neuropil, most MS (72%) and PL (87%) afferent boutons formed two contacts presynaptic to one dendrite and postsynaptic to one P-ending, and their participation in synaptic triads was much more frequent than in Vmo neuropil. The present study indicates that MS and PL afferent terminals have a distinct characteristic in synaptic arrangements in Vmo and Vsup and provides evidence that the synaptic organization of primary afferents differs between the neuropils containing motoneurons and their interneurons.

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Monosynaptic connections between neurons of trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus and jaw-closing motoneurons in the rat: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase labelling study

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

The Role of the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complex in the Pathophysiology of Craniocervical Dystonia

The Role of the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclear Complex in the Pathophysiology of Craniocervical Dystonia

CNS

Electron microscopic observation of synaptic connections of jaw-muscle spindle and periodontal afferent terminals in the trigeminal motor and supratrigeminal nuclei in the cat

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