Monoterpene concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying foliage of singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. &amp; Frem.: Pinaceae) from the western Great Basin

Wilt, F. Martin; Miller, Glenn C.; Everett, Richard L.; Hackett, Murray

doi:10.1007/bf00993688

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In natural soil under pine trees, it was found that monoterpene concentration was between 20 and 130 times less than the concentration in fresh pine needles [20]. Assuming a similar dilution factor for thyme leafs, the concentration of carvacrol in soil under carvacrol producing thyme plants may vary between 230–1500 ug per gram soil (see [14] for details).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microorganisms Alleviate the Allelochemical Effects of a Thyme Monoterpene on the Performance of an Associated Grass Species

Ehlers

2011

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPlant allelochemicals released into the soil can significantly impact the performance of associated plant species thereby affecting their competitive ability. Soil microbes can potentially affect the interaction between plant and plant chemicals by degrading the allelochemicals. However, most often plant-plant chemical interactions are studied using filter paper bioassays examining the pair-wise interaction between a plant and a plant chemical, not taking into account the potential role of soil microorganisms.Methodology/Principal findingsTo explore if the allelopathic effects on a grass by the common thyme monoterpene “carvacrol” are affected by soil microorganisms. Seedlings of the grass Agrostis capillaris originating from 3 different thyme sites were raised in the greenhouse. Seedlings were grown under four different soil treatments in a 2*2 fully factorial experiment. The monoterpene carvacrol was either added to standard greenhouse soil or left out, and soil was either sterilized (no soil microorganisms) or not (soil microorganisms present in soil). The presence of carvacrol in the soil strongly increased mortality of Agrostis plants, and this increase was highest on sterile soil. Plant biomass was reduced on soil amended with carvacrol, but only when the soil was also sterilized. Plants originating from sites where thyme produces essential oils containing mostly carvacrol had higher survival on soil treated with that monoterpene than plants originating from a site where thyme produced different types of terpenes, suggesting an adaptive response to the locally occurring terpene.Conclusions/SignificanceThe study shows that presence of soil microorganisms can alleviate the negative effect of a common thyme monoterpene on the performance of an associated plant species, emphasizing the role of soil microbes in modulating plant-plant chemical interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microorganisms Alleviate the Allelochemical Effects of a Thyme Monoterpene on the Performance of an Associated Grass Species

Ehlers

2011

PLoS ONE

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“…The used concentrations of b-pinene are ecologically realistic in view of the reported levels of monoterpenes in the soil. For example, Wilt et al (1993); White (1994) reported that under natural conditions, monoterpene concentration ranged from 3 to 5 mg/g dry soil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phytotoxic effects of β-pinene on early growth and associated biochemical changes in rice

et al. 2011

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b-Pinene, an oxygenated monoterpene, is one of the major monoterpenes emitted into the atmosphere from forest areas and trees. Besides, it is a principal component of essential oils of a number of aromatic plants, which are involved in a variety of ecological interactions, including allelopathy, in the natural environment. However, studies pertaining to phytotoxicity and biochemical effect(s) of b-pinene are largely lacking. We investigated the effect of b-pinene (0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 mg/ml) in a dose-and time-dependent manner on early seedling growth, dry weight accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and changes in macromolecule (protein and carbohydrate) content and activities of enzymesproteases, a-and b-amylases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases-in rice (Oryza sativa) after 3rd, 5th and 7th day of exposure. b-pinene (C0.04 mg/ml) significantly reduced the root (by 13-87%) and coleoptile (by 5-80%) length of rice. Exposure to b-pinene reduced total chlorophyll content in rice coleoptiles suggesting a negative impact on photosynthesis. The content of macromolecules (proteins and carbohydrates) enhanced significantly in response to b-pinene, whereas the activities of hydrolyzing enzymes-proteases, a-amylases, and b-amylasesdeclined (by 30-85, 26-84, 27-74%, respectively) in b-pinene-exposed seedlings. In contrast, the activities of peroxidases (POX) and polyphenol oxidases (PPO) enhanced significantly (by 16-152 and 53-290%, respectively) in rice roots in response to b-pinene in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Increased activities of POX and PPO indicate their involvement in providing protection and/or conferring resistance against b-pinene-induced stress. The study concludes that b-pinene inhibits the early growth of rice by altering the plant biochemical status and enhancing activities of POXs and PPOs involved in general plant defense.

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“…In the humus layer under Norway spruce and Scots pine the concentrations were 0.1-0.2 g/kg o.m., whereas under silver birch they were very low (Smolander et al unpublished). The predominant monoterpenes were α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ-3-carene, camphene, myrcene and limonene (White 1991;Wilt et al 1993a;Asensio et al 2008;Ludley et al 2009a;Smolander et al, unpublished); but their proportions varied depending on tree species and soil layer. In the organic layer under both Norway spruce and Scots pine, α-pinene made up the highest proportion (Smolander et al, unpublished).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Terpenes In Plants and Soilmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The concentrations of monoterpenes in aboveground litter of different conifers were 1-5 g/kg but decreased from the litter to the organic layer and mineral soil (White 1991;Wilt et al 1993a;Asensio et al 2008;Maurer et al 2008;Ludley et al 2009a). In the humus layer under Norway spruce and Scots pine the concentrations were 0.1-0.2 g/kg o.m., whereas under silver birch they were very low (Smolander et al unpublished).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Terpenes In Plants and Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen transformations in boreal forest soils—does composition of plant secondary compounds give any explanations?

Smolander¹,

Kanerva

Adamczyk³

et al. 2011

Plant Soil

121

103

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Two major groups of plant secondary compounds, phenolic compounds and terpenes, may according to current evidence mediate changes in soil C and N cycling, but their exact role and importance in boreal forest soils are largely unknown. In this review we discuss the occurrence of these compounds in forest plants and soils, the great challenges faced when their concentrations are measured, their possible effects in regulating soil C and N transformations and finally, we attempt to evaluate their role in connection with certain forest management practices. In laboratory experiments, volatile monoterpenes, in the concentrations found in the coniferous soil atmosphere, have been shown to inhibit net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification; they probably provide a C source to part of the soil microbial population but are toxic to another part. However, there is a large gap in our knowledge of the effects of higher terpenes on soil processes. According to results from laboratory experiments, an important group of phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, may also affect microbial processes related to soil C and N cycling; one mechanism is binding of proteins and certain other organic N-containing compounds. Field studies revealed interesting correlations between the occurrence of terpenes or phenolic compounds and C or net N mineralization in forest soils; in some cases these correlations point in the same direction as do the results from laboratory experiments, but not always. Different forest management practices may result in changes in both the quantity and quality of terpenes and phenolic compounds entering the soil. Possible effects of tree species composition, clear-cutting and removal of logging residue for bioenergy on plant secondary compound composition in soil are discussed in relation to changes observed in soil N transformations.

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Monoterpene concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying foliage of singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.: Pinaceae) from the western Great Basin

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Soil Microorganisms Alleviate the Allelochemical Effects of a Thyme Monoterpene on the Performance of an Associated Grass Species

Soil Microorganisms Alleviate the Allelochemical Effects of a Thyme Monoterpene on the Performance of an Associated Grass Species

Phytotoxic effects of β-pinene on early growth and associated biochemical changes in rice

Nitrogen transformations in boreal forest soils—does composition of plant secondary compounds give any explanations?

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