Monsters in the dark: predictions for luminous galaxies in the early Universe from the B<scp>lue</scp>T<scp>ides</scp> simulation

Waters, Dacen; Wilkins, Stephen M.; Matteo, Tiziana Di; Feng, Yu; Croft, Rupert A. C.; Nagai, Daisuke

doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slw100

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…GN-z11 represents the highest redshift galaxy found to date, and pushes the boundaries of what is technically achievable using HST. JWST will possess the capability to go approximately two magnitudes deeper in the rest frame UV at high redshift, opening up the possibility of detecting more GN-z11 type systems at z∼11 (Waters et al 2016b), as well as their progenitors at higher redshifts.…”

Section: Detectability and Prospects For Jwstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy

Mutch¹,

Liu²,

Poole³

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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Using Hubble data, including new grism spectra, Oesch et al. recently identified GNz11, an M UV =-21.1 galaxy at z=11.1 (just 400 Myr after the big bang). With an estimated stellar mass of ∼10 9 M , this galaxy is surprisingly bright and massive, raising questions as to how such an extreme object could form so early in the Universe. Using Meraxes, a semi-analytic galaxy-formation model developed as part of the Dark-ages Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables from Numerical Simulations (DRAGONS) programme, we investigate the potential formation mechanisms and eventual fate of GN-z11. The volume of our simulation is comparable to that of the discovery observations and possesses two analogue galaxies of similar luminosity to this remarkably bright system. Existing in the two most massive subhaloes at z=11.1 (M vir =1.4×10 11 M and 6.7×10 10 M ), our model analogues show excellent agreement with all available observationally derived properties of GN-z11. Although they are relatively rare outliers from the full galaxy population at high-z, they are no longer the most massive or brightest systems by z=5. Furthermore, we find that both objects possess relatively smooth, but extremely rapid mass growth histories with consistently high star formation rates and UV luminosities at z>11, indicating that their brightness is not a transient, merger-driven feature. Our model results suggest that future wide-field surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope may be able to detect the progenitors of GN-z11 analogues out to z∼13-14, pushing the frontiers of galaxy-formation observations to the early phases of cosmic reionization and providing a valuable glimpse of the first galaxies to reionize the Universe on large scales.

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Section: Detectability and Prospects For Jwstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy

Mutch¹,

Liu²,

Poole³

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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“…European Extremely Large Telescope; E-ELT) telescopes, require new interpretations and predictions on the theoretical side, where less has been done compared to low/medium redshifts, except regarding the most massive population of galaxies at z > 6−8 (e.g. Choi & Nagamine 2012;O'Shea et al 2015;Paardekooper et al 2015;Ocvirk et al 2016;Waters et al 2016). Motivated by this, we investigate the early phases of the formation and the evolution of a galaxy that becomes a massive elliptical at z = 0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young and turbulent: the early life of massive galaxy progenitors

Fiacconi

Mayer

Madau

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present results from the "Ponos" simulation suite on the early evolution of a massive, M vir (z = 0) = 1.2×1013 M galaxy. At z 6, before feedback from a central supermassive black hole becomes dominant, the main galaxy has a stellar mass ∼ 2 × 10 9 M and a star formation rate ∼ 20 M yr −1 . The galaxy sits near the expected main sequence of starforming galaxies at those redshifts, and resembles moderately star-forming systems observed at z > 5. The high specific star formation rate results in vigorous heating and stirring of the gas by supernovae feedback, and the galaxy develops a thick and turbulent disc, with gas velocity dispersion ∼ 40 km s −1 , rotation to dispersion ratio ∼ 2, and with a significant amount of gas at ∼ 10 5 K. The Toomre parameter always exceeds the critical value for gravito-turbulence, Q ∼ 1.5−2, mainly due to the contribution of warm/hot gas inside the disc. Without feedback, a nearly gravito-turbulent regime establishes with similar gas velocity dispersion and lower Q. We propose that the "hot and turbulent" disc regime seen in our simulations, unlike the "cold and turbulent" gravito-turbulent regime of massive clumpy disc galaxies at z ∼ 1 − 2, is a fundamental characterisation of main sequence galaxies at z 6, as they can sustain star formation rates comparable to those of low-mass starbursts at z = 0. This results in no sustained coherent gas inflows through the disc, and in fluctuating and anisotropic mass transport, possibly postponing the assembly of the bulge and causing the initial feeding of the central black hole to be highly intermittent.

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“…As it is asserted in ref. [8], the presence of GN-z11 implies a number density ∼ 10 −6 Mpc −3 , roughly an order of magnitude higher than the expected value based on extrapolations from lower redshift. According to the estimate of this work, based on the existing observations, an enormous increase in volume which will be surveyed by the new Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will provide observations of about 1000 galaxies with M UV < −22 beyond z = 11 out to z = 13.5.…”

Section: A Universe Age As a Function Of Redshiftmentioning

confidence: 59%

Beasts in Lambda-CDM zoo

Dolgov¹

2017

Phys. Atom. Nuclei

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Recent astronomical discoveries of supermassive black holes (quasars), gamma-bursters, supernovae, and dust at high redshifts, z = (5 -10), are reviewed. Such a dense population of the early universe is at odds with the conventional mechanisms of its possible origin. Similar data from the contemporary universe, which are also in conflict with natural expectations, are considered too. Two possible mechanisms are suggested, at least one of which can potentially solve all these problems. As a by-product of the last model, an abundant cosmological antimatter may be created.

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Monsters in the dark: predictions for luminous galaxies in the early Universe from the BlueTides simulation

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy

Young and turbulent: the early life of massive galaxy progenitors

Beasts in Lambda-CDM zoo

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