Monte Carlo simulations for reconstruction of neutron time-resolving energy distribution in D-D fusion reactions

Řezáč, K.; Klír, D.; Kubeš, P.; Kravárik, J.; Stransky, Martin

doi:10.1007/s10582-006-0222-3

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows ToF signals measured at 5.8 m and 25.4 m. We calculated the neutron energy spectrum from these ToF signals by a Monte Carlo reconstruction. 26,41,42 A 200 keV FWHM of the side-on spectrum was substantially smaller in comparison with shots when the POS was applied (cf. Fig.…”

Section: Neutron and Hard X-ray Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at currents of 2 to 3 mega-ampere

et al. 2012

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Deuterium gas-puff experiments have been carried out on the GIT-12 generator at the Institute of High Current Electronics in Tomsk. The emphasis was put on the study of plasma dynamics and neutron production in double shell gas puffs. A linear mass density of deuterium (D2) varied between 50 and 85 μg/cm. Somewhat problematic was a spread of the D2 gas at a large diameter in the central anode–cathode region. The generator operated in two regimes, with and without a plasma opening switch (POS). When the POS was used, a current reached a peak of 2.7 MA with a 200 ns rise time. Without the POS, a current rise time approached 1500 ns. The influence of different current rise times on neutron production was researched. Obtained results were important for comparison of fast deuterium Z-pinches with plasma foci. Average DD neutron yields with and without the POS were about 1011. The neutron yield seems to be dependent on a peak voltage at the Z-pinch load. In all shots, the neutron emission started during stagnation. At the beginning of the neutron production, the neutron emission correlated with soft x-rays and a significant fraction of neutrons could be explained by the thermonuclear mechanism. Nevertheless, a peak of the neutron emission occurred 40 ns after a soft x-ray peak. At this very moment, hard x-rays above 1 MeV were detected and a rapid expansion with a velocity of 3×105 m/s was observed. In the case of the POS, 1 MeV widths of radial neutron spectra implied that there are deuterons with the energy above 200 keV moving in the radial direction. On the basis of D2 gas puff experiments in the 0.3–17 MA region, the neutron yield dependence on a current as Y∝I3.0±0.2 was proposed.

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Section: Neutron and Hard X-ray Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at currents of 2 to 3 mega-ampere

et al. 2012

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“…It was caused by different velocities of neutrons. Qualitatively, we calculated neutron energy spectra from TOF signals by a Monte Carlo reconstruction [23,35]. The neutron spectra which we received are displayed in figure 8.…”

Section: Neutron Energy Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient production of 100 keV deuterons in deuterium gas puff Z-pinches at 2 MA current

Klír

Kravárik

Kubeš

et al. 2010

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Deuterium gas puff experiments were carried out on the S-300 Z-pinch at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow. Gas puffs imploded onto the axis before a current peak at about 100 ns. Fusion neutrons were generated after the gas puff implosion during global expansion of a plasma column. Neutron emission lasted on average 35 ± 5 ns (full width half maximum, FWHM). In the downstream direction (on the Z-pinch axis behind the cathode), a mean neutron energy was 2.6 ± 0.1 MeV. Side-on neutron energy spectra peaked at 2.40 ± 0.05 MeV with about 600 ± 150 keV FWHM. A broad width of sideon neutron spectra implied a high radial component of deuteron velocities. An average kinetic energy of fast deuterons, which produced fusion neutrons, was 150 keV. A peak neutron yield reached a value of 6 × 10 10 on a current level of 1.5 MA. It was by one order higher in comparison with other deuterated loads used on the same current generator. On the basis of experimental observations, we concluded that a total energy of deuterons accelerated to fusion energies was above 1.5 kJ. It is more than 15% of the energy input into a plasma. Therefore gas puff Z-pinches seem to be not only powerful sources of x-ray radiation but also efficient sources of 100 keV deuterons. Such a result is consistent with high Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 (2010) 065013 D Klir et al neutron yields observed on the Angara Z-pinch and plasma foci with similar currents.

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Time delay of the hard X-ray and neutron emission at PF 1000 facility

et al. 2006

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The PF 1000 plasma focus device with deuterium as filling gas is used for the study of hard X-rays and neutrons (originated from D-D fusion reactions). The time of generation and energy distribution of neutrons were determined using the time-of-flight method and MC simulations. The hard X-ray and neutron signals have usually two pulses: the first at the minimum of current derivative and the second 120 ÷ 170 ns later. An experimentally observed asymmetry of neutron pulses detected with scintillation detectors in axial z-direction downstream and upstream is explored by simple model in which each of both neutron pulses is decomposed into two components: the asymmetry one with energy above 2.45 MeV downstream and the symmetry one with the maximum of 2.45 MeV. In this article we describe in detail the shot No. 5566. The asymmetry component has energy downstream 2.55 ÷ 2.85 MeV (the first peak) or/and 2.70 ÷ 3.00 MeV (the second peak). The symmetric component in the energy range 2.2 ÷ 2.7 MeV is generated a few tens ns after the asymmetric one and it contains a lower part 25 ÷ 35 % of neutrons. In this presented shot the onset of neutrons was observed before the onset of hard X-rays. This fact declares the possibility of acceleration of a fraction of the fast energy deuterons before the fast electrons.PACS : 52.59.Hg

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Monte Carlo simulations for reconstruction of neutron time-resolving energy distribution in D-D fusion reactions

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at currents of 2 to 3 mega-ampere

Deuterium gas puff Z-pinch at currents of 2 to 3 mega-ampere

Efficient production of 100 keV deuterons in deuterium gas puff Z-pinches at 2 MA current

Time delay of the hard X-ray and neutron emission at PF 1000 facility

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