Monte Carlo simulations of occupational radiation doses in interventional radiology

Siiskonen, T.; Tapiovaara, M. J.; Kosunen, A; Lehtinen, M; Vartiainen, Eero

doi:10.1259/bjr/26692771

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…27 Smaller leaded glasses may solve the problem. A multitude of studies [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] have shown that thyroid shielding can reduce the patient dose to the radiosensitive organs outside of the primary beam without impacting on image quality. Additionally, unshielded radiation doses to the thyroid (scatter radiation) can vary depending on the scanning technique used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Goren

Prins²,

Dauer³

et al. 2013

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives:This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of leaded glasses in reducing the lens of eye dose and of lead thyroid collars in reducing the dose to the thyroid gland of an adult female from dental cone beam CT (CBCT). The effect of collimation on the radiation dose in head organs is also examined. Methods: Dose measurements were conducted by placing optically stimulated luminescent dosemeters in an anthropomorphic female phantom. Eye lens dose was measured by placing a dosemeter on the anterior surface of the phantom eye location. All exposures were performed on one commercially available dental CBCT machine, using selected collimation and exposure techniques. Each scan technique was performed without any lead shielding and then repeated with lead shielding in place. To calculate the percent reduction from lead shielding, the dose measured with lead shielding was divided by the dose measured without lead shielding. The percent reduction from collimation was calculated by comparing the dose measured with collimation to the dose measured without collimation. Results: The dose to the internal eye for one of the scans without leaded glasses or thyroid shield was 0.450 cGy and with glasses and thyroid shield was 0.116 cGy (a 74% reduction). The reduction to the lens of the eye was from 0.396 cGy to 0.153 cGy (a 61% reduction). Without glasses or thyroid shield, the thyroid dose was 0.158 cGy; and when both glasses and shield were used, the thyroid dose was reduced to 0.091 cGy (a 42% reduction). Conclusions: Collimation alone reduced the dose to the brain by up to 91%, with a similar reduction in other organs. Based on these data, leaded glasses, thyroid collars and collimation minimize the dose to organs outside the field of view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Goren

Prins²,

Dauer³

et al. 2013

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…In this case, the effect of the energy shift of the radiation spectrum due to the apron is difficult to include. On the other hand, in analyses based on Monte Carlo methods, the assumptions and parameterization are not always explicit, and the setting of the parameters may not fully reflect the situation in radiological practice (Siiskonen et al 2007;Clerinx et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytic Approach to Double Dosimetry Algorithms in Occupational Dosimetry Using Energy Dependent Organ Dose Conversion Coefficients

Boetticher¹,

Lachmund

Hoffmann³

2010

Health Physics

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Personnel dose in diagnostic radiology is often underestimated. Typically the effective dose E is estimated based on dosimeters worn underneath the protective clothing measuring the personal dose equivalent Hp(10). This one-spot-measurement systematically neglects the exposure to the unshielded organs in the head and neck region. In this paper, energy dependent double dosimetry algorithms in the range of 30-80 keV are derived using organ dose conversion coefficients. The doses of shielded organs are assigned to a single dosimeter in the anterior thoracic region (chest) underneath the apron (Hp,c,u), and the doses of the organs not shielded are assigned to another dosimeter placed on the front area of the neck over the protective garment (Hp,n,o) with E = a1 Hp,c,u(10) + a2 Hp,n,o(10). Organs not completely shielded are categorized correspondingly. The coefficients a1 and a2 increase with higher energies up to 70 keV. The factors a2 are clearly higher according to ICRP 103 (rather than ICRP 60) because ICRP 103 considers additional organs in the head and neck region. According to ICRP 103, a conservative general algorithm with thyroid protection is E = 0.84 Hp,c,u(10) + 0.051 Hp,n,o(10) and without thyroid protection E = 0.79 Hp,c,u(10) + 0.100 Hp,n,o(10).

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“…Several investigations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] revealed that the doses to medical staff in interventional radiology and cardiology may be of concern from a radiation hygiene point of view. Partial-body doses reported ranged from a few microsieverts up to a few millisieverts per procedure, with higher values occurring mainly for the hands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigations have, however, shown that the exposure of staff and patient is not necessarily correlated [4] and that official exposure monitoring may underestimate the real effective dose [9,12,13,17] because the film badge, usually placed below the lead apron, does not account for the exposure of unshielded parts of the body, such as the hands or the thyroid. However, a general study of radiation exposure in medical personnel in interventional radiology workplaces at a larger number of facilities, taking the exposure of specific body regions into consideration, is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation exposure of medical staff from interventional x-ray procedures: a multicentre study

2009

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The purpose of this study was to analyse the radiation exposure of medical staff from interventional x-ray procedures. Partial-body dose measurements were performed with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in 39 physicians and nine assistants conducting 73 interventional procedures of nine different types in 14 hospitals in Germany. Fluoroscopy time and the dose-area product (DAP) were recorded too. The median (maximum) equivalent body dose per procedure was 16 (2,500) microSv for an unshielded person; the partial-body dose per procedure was 2.8 (240) microSv to the eye lens, 4.1 (730) microSv to the thyroid, 44 (1,800) microSv to one of the feet and 75 (13,000) microSv to one of the hands. A weak correlation between fluoroscopy time or DAP and the mean TLD dose was observed. Generally, the doses were within an acceptable range from a radiation hygiene point of view. However, relatively high exposures were measured to the hand in some cases and could cause a partial-body dose above the annual dose limit of 500 mSv. Thus, the use of finger dosimeters is strongly recommended.

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Monte Carlo simulations of occupational radiation doses in interventional radiology

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

An Analytic Approach to Double Dosimetry Algorithms in Occupational Dosimetry Using Energy Dependent Organ Dose Conversion Coefficients

Radiation exposure of medical staff from interventional x-ray procedures: a multicentre study

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