Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review

Matt, Georg E.; Vázquez, Carmelo; Campbell, W. Keith

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90116-p

Cited by 632 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Instead, there was evidence of mood-congruent forgetting by nondysphoric students. Interestingly, the literature on mood-congruent remembering often shows evenhanded recall by dysphoric students (as we also have shown) and negatively biased recall by clinically depressed participants (see Matt, Vazquez, & Campbell, 1992). Some evidence of poor forgetting of negative material has been found in a directed-forgetting paradigm (Power, Dalgleish, Claudio, Tata, & Kentish, 2000, Experiment 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Depressive Deficits in Forgetting

2003

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether difficulties in forgetting (like difficulties in remembering) are associated with depressive states. First, dysphoric and nondysphoric students learned 40 word pairs, each consisting of a positive or negative adjective and a neutral noun (target). Next, the students practiced responding with some targets and suppressing others, when given the adjective as cue, for a varied number of repetitions. On the final test, they were told to disregard the prior instruction to suppress and to recall the target associated with every cue. Compared with nondysphoric students, dysphoric students recalled similar percentages of targets from sets assigned for response practice but higher percentages from sets assigned for suppression practice. The degree of forgetting showed some mood-congruent tendencies and was significantly correlated with selfreport measures of rumination and unwanted thoughts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Depressive Deficits in Forgetting

2003

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“…Current findings suggest that ambiguity resolution is distorted in the effortful generation of interpretations and the selection of a single interpretation as most likely applicable to an ambiguous situation (Wisco & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2010). Concerning memory processes, strong evidence exists that depression is marked by biases in explicit memory, with depressed individuals reporting overgeneral and more negative memories than specific and positive memories compared with nondepressed individuals (Matt, Vazquez, & Campbell, 1992;Williams et al, 2007). In contrast, the data from studies examining mood-congruent implicit memory biases in depression is less conclusive (Barry, Naus, & Rehm, 2004; P. C. Watkins, 2002).…”

Section: Cognitive Biases and Vulnerability For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Everaert

Koster

Derakshan

2012

Clinical Psychology Review

273

179

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Drawing from substantial evidence demonstrating cognitive biases in depression at various stages of information processing (i.e., attention, interpretation, memory, cognitive control), we argue for an approach that considers the interplay among these processes. This paper attempts to apply the combined cognitive bias hypothesis (Hirsch, Mathews, & Clark, 2006) to depression research and reviews competing theoretical frameworks that have guided research in this area. We draw on current findings from behavioral studies on the interplay between depression-related processing biases. These data indicate that various cognitive biases are associated. However, it is not clear whether single or multiple biases are most predictive of depressive symptoms. We conclude this article with theoretical and clinical implications of the current state of research in this field and propose a number of ways in which research on the combined cognitive bias hypothesis can be advanced. A State-of-the-art Major depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with debilitating symptomatic suffering, functional impairments, and high societal costs (Kessler & Wang, 2009). Notwithstanding a range of well-established psychological and pharmacological interventions, relapse and recurrence rates of depression remain high (Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007) indicating that current therapies do not sufficiently address vulnerability factors for this burdensome disorder. Moreover, with each successive depressive episode the risk for recurrence increases (Boland & Keller, 2009), which points to an expanding vulnerability with multiple episodes. Hence, profound insight into the mechanisms involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression seems essential in improving contemporary treatment options and the prevention of depression.In the past three decades, research inspired by cognitive accounts of depression has been successful in identifying vulnerability factors for this disorder. Apart from substantial research examining depressive cognitive content as a vulnerability factor (e.g., negative thoughts), a promising line of research highlights the role of cognitive biases in the development, maintenance, and relapse/recurrence of depression (for reviews see Mathews & MacLeod, 2005). Research efforts in this particular area of interest have typically focused on abnormalities in attention, interpretation, and memory processes, which are considered to be instrumental in the understanding of the processes involved in these cognitive biases. More recently, there is growing interest into cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control impairments, which may operate across a variety of cognitive biases. Indeed a substantial number of studies on emotional information processing in depressed samples provide evidence that depression is characterized by attention, interpretation, and memory biases, especially for negative information (see below). COMBINED COGNITIVE BIAS HYPOTHESIS IN DEPRESSION 4This resea...

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“…Recent findings indicate that depressed individuals display an attentional bias for negative material at more elaborative stages of information processing (Koster et al, 2005;De Raedt and Koster, 2010). Moreover, it was found that depressed individuals had a better memory for negative information (Matt et al, 1992;Walter et al, 2007;Taylor and John, 2004). At present, there is little explanation for the mechanisms underlying these information-processing characteristics in MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Dai

Feng

Koster³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The aim of the present study was to investigate distracter inhibition ability and facilitation for emotional faces in depression using a negative affective priming (NAP) task combined with event-related potentials (ERP). Participants were instructed to evaluate the valence of the target, which had been primed or inhibited on a preceding trial. The reaction times and the ERP amplitudes were recorded during the task. In a first behavioral experiment, control participants (NC), participants who were currently remitted (RMD), and participants diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder (MDD), performed a modified the NAP task.The main finding was that compared with NC groups, MDD participants had enhanced positive priming and less inhibition of sad faces. RMD individuals were characterized by general inhibitory impairments for all emotional faces and a facilitation for sad faces compared with NC individuals. In a second experiment combing the modified NAP task with ERP, the MDD participants had a larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition compared with the other groups, and smaller P3 amplitude for sad faces in negative priming condition compared with other faces. Interestingly, RMD participants showed a distinct pattern of results compared with NC and MDD participants. They had larger N1 amplitude for happy faces and larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition relative to the other conditions, while they had smaller P3 amplitude for both happy and sad faces in the negative priming condition. Across two experiments, it can be concluded that MDD participants have deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for negative stimuli. The RMD participants showed a mixed pattern of deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for both positive and negative stimuli, the results were largely consistent with our previous study.This deficiency has a high explanatory value for information-processing bias and the neuropsychological -3 -impairments observed in depression.

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Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review

Cited by 632 publications

References 58 publications

Depressive Deficits in Forgetting

Depressive Deficits in Forgetting

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

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