Moon Diver: Exploring a pit's exposed strata to understand lunar volcanism

Energy system and resource utilization in space: A state-of-the-art review

“…To extract 3 He on the Moon efficiently, the small regolith particles can be heated by concentrated solar energy during lunar day (14 Earth days), and the gases volatilized (Table S2) 141 can be collected and exposed in a cold space (−268°C) in lunar night, where all the components except the 3 He and 4 He are condensed. The 3 He and 4 He can be separated by superleak techniques, and the energy and operational analyses have been studied by Sviatoslavsky et al, [146][147][148] indicating an energy payback ratio of 82 considering the 3 He extraction and fusion reactor manufacture processes. 147 The gases recovered can be compressed into storage tanks that are transported by a vehicle to a certain processing facility.…”

“…In addition, new insights into the space resources can be obtained by analyzing the various extraretinal materials (meteorites) in the solar system. For examples: (1) the extraterrestrial photosynthesis pathway on the moon has been proposed by evaluating the extraterrestrial photosynthesis performance of the Chang'e-5 lunar sample; 101 (2) In ureilite meteorite, the diamond grains have been widely observed; 240,241 (3) The abundance of copper grains have been identified in H chondrites as a potential space resource for asteroid ISRU (Figure 9D); 239 (4) The abundance of metallic resources (e.g., Fe, Ni, Co, and Au) on parent bodies of S-type chondrites have been confirmed. 242,243…”

“…Exploring the vastness of the universe and exploiting space resources have become a significant step forward for humanity. Since entering the space age, Europe, America, and Russia have invested high budgets in space exploration, [1][2][3][4][5][6] and leaders of various countries continue to emphasize the strategic importance of space development. From the Apollo missions to the Artemis Program, and further to the Mars Rover Program, [7][8][9] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in U.S. continues to explore the energy boundaries of the solar system.…”