Moonlighting among teachers in urban Tanzania: A survey of public primary schools in Ilala District

Timothy, Vedastus; Nkwama, Skeeter

doi:10.1080/2331186x.2017.1334434

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One large meta-analysis (Winters, 2010) showed that the percentage of teachers with additional jobs varied from 15% to 65% in the US. In Tanzania, for example, 39% of teachers had secondary incomegenerating activities (Timothy & Nkwama, 2017). Given that moonlighting is frequently a short-term enterprise, the proportion of "moonlighters" might actually be higher than commonly perceived (Kimmel & Conway, 2001).…”

Section: Teachers With Multiple Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guthrie's original definition (1969) of "moonlighters" included both those teachers who were employed outside of the school and those who earned income through selfemployment. Since Guthrie's study, researchers have continued to refer to the phenomenon of teachers having jobs outside school as "moonlighting" (e.g., Ballou, 1995;Pearson, Carroll, & Hall, 1994;Raffel & Groff, 1990;Timothy & Nkwama, 2017). More recently, and possibly following the increasing trend of having multiple jobs (Averett, 2001), less stigmatized terms have started being applied such as "outside job" (McGinley, 1979), "multiple job holdings" (Dickey, Watson, & Zangelidis, 2010;Kimmel & Conway, 2001;Raffel & Groff, 1990), "multiple employment" (Timothy & Nkwama, 2017), "multiple careers," "slash careers," and "slash jobs" (Alboher, 2012).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of teachers having multiple jobs is difficult to estimate, since it is still an under-researched area (Timothy & Nkwama, 2017), and in some countries (e.g., Germany, Greece and the Netherlands) it is not even a relevant topic. One large meta-analysis (Winters, 2010) showed that the percentage of teachers with additional jobs varied from 15% to 65% in the US.…”

Section: Teachers With Multiple Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Raffel and Groff (1990), 17% of moonlighting teachers held managerial positions in their out-of-school jobs, 37% were active in education-related jobs, and 14% held sales positions. In African countries, the preferred secondary activities of urban teachers included trade and urban agriculture (Timothy & Nkwama, 2017).…”

Section: Teachers With Multiple Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having multiple jobs and several income-generating activities is an increasing trend. Concerning the teaching profession, research on this topic has increased, particularly over the last 20 years, and covers an increasing number of countries (e.g., Kimmel & Conway, 2001;Timothy & Nkwama, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Teachers with Multiple Jobs: A Preliminary Typology on the Basis of Estonian Teachers’ Life Stories

Teder¹,

Mikser²

2019

edupij

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In many fields, the percentage of professionals having one or more jobs in addition to their full-time primary job is increasing worldwide. With numerous members earning relatively modest salaries, teachers are a professional group among the most affected by this tendency. Traditionally, "moonlighting" (the commonly used term for having an additional job) is considered to be highly problematic in terms of a teacher's ability to fulfil their teaching responsibilities. However, little attention has been paid to the potential that "teacher-moonlighters" could have in contributing to school life by using their out-of-school work experience. This article introduces a small-scale narrative study with teachers from Estonia and proposes a preliminary typology of teachers having multiple jobs. Providing examples from narrative life history interviews, it is argued that certain types of teachers have the potential to enrich school life. Two dimensions appeared to be most indicative for categorizing teachers with multiple jobs: "permanence" and "self-actualization through multiple jobs." The researchers argue that these dimensions are promising for further discussion of teacher career patterns in which multiple jobs can be seen not as obstructive, but as contributing to teachers' professionalism.

show abstract

Section: Teachers With Multiple Jobsmentioning

confidence: 99%