Moral Ecologies: Histories of Conservation, Dispossession and Resistance

Griffin, Carl J.; Jones, Roy; Robertson, Iain

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06112-8_1

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…9 'Precarista' (squatter) refers to a landless peasant who encroaches on private or state lands with poor soils usually abandoned by their previous owners. 10 In relation to the idea of anti-ecological peasants in Costa Rica, see Griffin, Jones and Robertson (2019) on the policies of conservation, protest and environmental history based on the seminal work on moral ecology by Jacoby (2001). These scholars present a systematic and multidisciplinary study of how elite conservation schemes and policies identify as banditry traditional or ancestral forms of managing common resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)

Picado-Umaña

Rodríguez²

2022

Rural History

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This article discusses Costa Rica’s policies and institutions created by the state to redistribute land during the 1960s and 1970s, when Latin American was implementing agrarian reforms. The paper also addresses the creation of the national parks system and forest conservation state policy supported by different scientific organisations during the same period. Within this context, this research seeks to explore the interface between the agrarian question (surrounding land and agrarian reform) and the ecological question (related to forest, national parks and conservation policies). The study examines how the transformations in land tenure and forest conservation have led to the structuring of a ‘new agrarian question’, which encompasses the concentration of land as well as the concentration of payments for environmental services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)

Picado-Umaña

Rodríguez²

2022

Rural History

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“…While there is a diversity of conservation initiatives, with a range of positive and negative impacts on people, we acknowledge the deeply problematic roots and history of Western and colonial visions of conservation. Many past conservation models and practices have privileged Western ways of thinking and doing, have envisioned humans as separate from nature, have been shaped by colonial mindsets, and have perpetuated racism (Sandlos, 2007;Dowie, 2009;Griffin et al, 2019;Musavengane and Leonard, 2019). The result too often was poorly designed conservation initiatives that were planned and implemented in a topdown manner, that inadequately considered local perspectives and needs, and that separated Indigenous Peoples and local communities from resources and territories that they depend on for culture and survival (Dowie, 2009;Stevens, 2014;Griffin et al, 2019;Muhl and Sowman, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many past conservation models and practices have privileged Western ways of thinking and doing, have envisioned humans as separate from nature, have been shaped by colonial mindsets, and have perpetuated racism (Sandlos, 2007;Dowie, 2009;Griffin et al, 2019;Musavengane and Leonard, 2019). The result too often was poorly designed conservation initiatives that were planned and implemented in a topdown manner, that inadequately considered local perspectives and needs, and that separated Indigenous Peoples and local communities from resources and territories that they depend on for culture and survival (Dowie, 2009;Stevens, 2014;Griffin et al, 2019;Muhl and Sowman, 2020). Such conservation approaches often produced a number of negative social consequencesincluding displacement, violence, disempowerment, human rights abuses, widening of economic inequities, and increased poverty (Brockington and Igoe, 2006;Agrawal and Redford, 2009;Oldekop et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Social Equity in and Through Marine Conservation

et al. 2021

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Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to operationalize social equity in and through the pursuit of marine conservation. In this article, we aim to bring greater attention to this topic through reviewing how social equity can be better integrated in marine conservation policy and practice. Advancing social equity in marine conservation requires directing attention to: recognition through acknowledgment and respect for diverse peoples and perspectives; fair distribution of impacts through maximizing benefits and minimizing burdens; procedures through fostering participation in decision-making and good governance; management through championing and supporting local involvement and leadership; the environment through ensuring the efficacy of conservation actions and adequacy of management to ensure benefits to nature and people; and the structural barriers to and institutional roots of inequity in conservation. We then discuss the role of various conservation organizations in advancing social equity in marine conservation and identify the capacities these organizations need to build. We urge the marine conservation community, including governments, non-governmental organizations and donors, to commit to the pursuit of socially equitable conservation.

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“…Bauer and particularly Bowen open opportunities to extend an intertwined dialogue between the environmental and agrarian questions. An example of such interrelationships is the concept of moral ecology, created by historian Karl Jacoby and also applied in Moral Ecologies: Histories of Conservation, Dispossession and Resistance, by Griffin et al (2019). These authors undertake a systematic and multidisciplinary study of how elite conservation schemes and policies label traditional or ancestral ways of managing natural resources use (such as hunting or firewood cutting) into types of "criminality."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelly Bauer, Negotiating Autonomy: Mapuche Territorial Demands and Chilean Land Policy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Photographs, maps, acronyms, abbreviations, appendix, notes, bibliography, index, 190 pp.; hardcover $50. - Merle L. Bowen, For Land and Liberty: Black Struggles in Rural Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Figures, abbreviations, bibliography, index, 248 pp.; hardcover $99.99.

Rodríguez

2022

Lat Am Polit Soc

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There is no general formula for starting and effectively implementing significant agrarian reforms; rather, they must evolve and adapt according to the political and social dynamics that characterize a country at a given time" (Barraclough 2007). Is this the case for Brazilian and Chilean states when addressing Indigenous and quilombo demands for land? Negotiating Autonomy and For Land and Liberty provide core material and essential guides for understanding and getting a holistic and nuanced view of the past and present of the agrarian question in Brazil and Chile. Current debates on land reform and the agrarian question in Latin American should be undoubtedly completed with these two works. Both books represent innovative approaches to rural community studies in Brazil and Chile that bear attention from scholars in a variety of fields (to name a few: political economy, political ecology, peasant and agrarian studies, and moral ecologies) and researchers interested in the intersection of civil rights and sustainable development under neoliberalism.Bowen and Bauer intersect on different and related topics, from the old and new agrarian (and ecological) question of the twenty-first century to the twists and turns of state-society interactions when implementing land programss for historically excluded subaltern classes. The following lines briefly discuss these parallels and intersections.Understanding the holistic and multidimensional agrarian question of the twentyfirst century. The agrarian question of the twenty-first century is related to a new range of global and national inequalities, in which the land problem remains unresolved, especially for Indigenous and black communities, as Bauer and Bowen show. Within the new agrarian question, national and transnational rural social movements have emerged "from below," driving a new kind of demand for land and territory. As illustrated by Bauer, the 1980s and 1990s saw Latin American governments recognizing the property rights of Indigenous and Afro-descendent communities as part of the abovementioned territorial policy shift. In Negotiating Autonomy and For Land and Liberty, Bauer and Bowen, respectively, explore the

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Moral Ecologies: Histories of Conservation, Dispossession and Resistance

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)

From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)

Advancing Social Equity in and Through Marine Conservation

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