Moral judgments in social dilemmas: How bad is free riding?

Framing and free riding: emotional responses and punishment in social dilemma games

“…The results of Cubitt et al (2010) are largely consistent with theories that argue that moral judgments are intuitive, rather than being the product of rational deliberation. 3 Since emotions are potentially powerful sources of gut instincts, the framesensitivity of moral judgments observed by Cubitt et al (2010) suggests that emotions may be frame sensitive too.…”

“…A more specific motivation stems from the findings of Cubitt et al (2010). They report an experiment in which subjects, playing the role of impartial observers, pass moral judgments on an agent in hypothetical scenarios.…”

“…3 Since emotions are potentially powerful sources of gut instincts, the framesensitivity of moral judgments observed by Cubitt et al (2010) suggests that emotions may be frame sensitive too. But, this remains an open question since there could also be differences between moral judgments and specific emotions, especially when the former are formed by an impartial observer.…”

Stakeholder Relationships and Social Welfare: A Behavioral Theory of Contributions to Joint Value Creation

“…As a result, tit-for-tat reciprocity is common in EM relationships (Gächter & Fehr, 1999;Johnson, Dawes, Fowler, McElreath, & Smirnov, 2009;Ostrom et al, 1994). This includes punishing self-interested behavior by behaving so in return, which arises from the negative emotions caused by another's free-riding (Fehr & Gächter, 2000, and this is judged as morally acceptable (Cubitt, Drouvelis, Gächter, & Kabalin, 2011). Unless stakeholders perceive the firm's self-interested behavior as justified punishment for a past transgression on their part, stakeholders no longer will see others as equal partners who seek to balance their contributions to joint value creation over time but, rather, as actors primarily driven by self-interest.…”

Justification and Legitimate Punishment

“…In this paper, we assume punishment based on norm violations is more legitimate than punishment independent of norm violations. Cubitt et al 2011;Tan and Xiao, 2012;2013) 4 . Punishment decisions in modern societies are thus usually made and implemented by independent third parties such as the court to ensure their legitimacy.…”