More Antisepsis, Less Antibiotics Whenever Possible

Abstract

Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has recently become an important medical challenge. In ophthalmology antibiotics are widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of ocular infections. In many cases antiseptics may be a valuable adjunct and sometimes even an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections, reducing the overuse of antibiotics. This review aims to highlight the available literature on the subject of antibiotic resistance in ophthalmology. Full understanding of this growing problem is necessary for tailoring effective pre-, intra-, and postoperative management to improve antibiotic stewardship programs.

Effect of amphiphilic polymers and sodium alginate on the activity of methylene blue in photogeneration of singlet oxygen 1О2

“…The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become quite serious over the past decades, which has motivated researchers to investigate and develop alternative antibacterial treatments for various infectious diseases [1]. One of the alternative treatments for localized superficial infections may be antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), or photodynamic inactivation of bacteria [2][3][4] aPDT is a type of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that has been used in clinical practice since the middle of the 20th century for the treatment of malignant neoplasms aPDT and PDT are based on the ability of a photosensitizer (PS), introduced into the pathological area of the tissue, when irradiated with light of a certain wavelength, to go into an excited singlet, then a triplet state ( 3 PS * ) and transfer the excitation energy to molecular oxygen with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen 1 O 2 , which kill pathogenic cells.…”

Elemental Probe-Based CRISPR/Cas12a Biosensing For Sensitive Tobramycin Detection

“…Antibiotics have brought huge benefits to human society in the past nearly 100 years. 1 However, with the extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture and other fields, overused antibiotics are discharged into nature and become environmental contaminants. 2 Tobramycin (TOB), an aminoglycoside antibiotic， is mostly used for infections caused by gram-positive organisms along with some gram-negative.…”

Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

“…For this reason, the use of antiseptics might represent a valid alternative, allowing the reduction of the overuse or misuse of antibiotics. Antiseptics have a nonselective mechanism of action that often prevents the development of resistance [12]. The European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons guidelines reports that antisepsis with povidone-iodine (PVI) or chlorhexidine (CHX) is mandatory to reduce ocular surface colony counts, prior to cataract surgery [13].…”

“…The European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons guidelines reports that antisepsis with povidone-iodine (PVI) or chlorhexidine (CHX) is mandatory to reduce ocular surface colony counts, prior to cataract surgery [13]. CHX, due to the larger size of its molecule, often cannot penetrate bacterial cell walls and it is also considered much more irritating to the ocular mucosa compared to PVI [12]. Moreover, some studies indicate that the overall exposure to CHX can increase the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, so it seems reasonable to restrict the use of CHX only in cases where there are clear indications for its use [14].…”