More than a Hundred Years in the Search for an Accurate Diagnosis for Chagas Disease: Current Panorama and Expectations

López‐Monteon, Aracely; Dumonteil, Eric; Ramos-Ligonio, Ángel

doi:10.5772/intechopen.86567

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In contrast, cases A3 to A5 were positive by CMIA and negative by ELISAr. It should be borne in mind that conversion to negative serology after treatment can take many years or even decades and is not observed in all treated adult patients [26]. Furthermore, the level of antibodies detected by each test does not decrease at the same rate, probably because of variability in technique sensitivity [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARCHITECT Chagas® as a single test candidate for Chagas disease diagnosis: evaluation of two algorithms implemented in a non-endemic setting

Abràs

Ballart

Fernández-Arévalo

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objectives: To evaluate two algorithms for the diagnosis of chronic and congenital Chagas disease (CD), both including the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay ARCHITECT Chagas® (CMIA) as a single test but with an amended signal-to-cut-off ratio (S/CO) of !6, instead of an S/CO of !1 as indicated by the manufacturer. Methods: The study encompassed two panels of retrospective samples: 831 sera from 786 adolescents and adults (panel A), and 96 sera from 35 newborn infants with CD-infected mothers (panel B). A CMIAnegative result was deemed conclusive, whereas samples with an S/CO ! 0.8 were confirmed by a second test (BioELISA Chagas, ELISAr). Results: In panel A, seropositivity was 13% (102/786); 10 samples gave discordant results for CMIA and ELISAr, all of which were CMIA positive and had CD confirmed through a previous diagnosis by two positive serological tests. In panel B, all newborns were considered non-infected based on both a progressive decrease in antibody titres over time and negative real-time PCR results. CMIA still gave positive results in two infants aged 10 months but no S/CO values !6 were observed from 4 months on. Conclusions: CMIA is a firm candidate for use as a single CD diagnostic test in non-endemic countries. The algorithm with the !6 S/CO is as an efficient method for chronic CD diagnosis. CMIA could also be used as a single test to screen infants for congenital infection at the age of 10 months or even earlier if applying the corrected cut-off ratio, although further studies are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARCHITECT Chagas® as a single test candidate for Chagas disease diagnosis: evaluation of two algorithms implemented in a non-endemic setting

Abràs

Ballart

Fernández-Arévalo

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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show abstract

“…CD is marked by an acute and chronic phase, each with specific aspects that reflect the diagnostic methods of choice. Given that the onset of infection is characterized by a high parasitemia, the techniques related to direct parasite detection on peripheral blood by light microscopy comprise the gold standard for diagnosis during the acute stage, including in cases of congenital infection [18,19]. Thus, the methods mainly applied are thin, thick, or fresh blood films.…”

Section: Standard Methods and Protocols For CD Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Test and Chagas Disease: An Overview

Caminha¹,

Cavalcante²,

Menna-Barreto³

2023

Rapid Antigen Testing

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Chagas disease (CD) is an infectious illness with great socioeconomic impact. Historically, it has mainly affected the poor population in Latin America. However, globalization sets a new scenario, featuring an increasing CD incidence worldwide especially due to parasite transmission by infected blood in non-endemic countries. Noteworthily, CD is predominantly marked by a subclinical progression, so that for most cases, the correct diagnosis may take years, even decades, post infection. Public actions such as active search of infected people and donors screening are imperative for both identification of individual health assistance and disease control. Nonetheless, the main affected areas lack in laboratory infrastructure, resource and specialized personnel, making the use of conventional immunoassays unfeasible. Moreover, parasite genetic variability and cross-reaction with close-related infectious diseases imposes a stringent diagnosis algorithm. Thus, although rapid tests are a great option, its applicability is still restricted in the context of this disease. In this regard, this chapter will discuss the use of immunochromatographic-based assays for CD, their limitations and perspectives. The performance of commercially available kits in comparison to the conventional serologic tests will be also debated, covering their antigen selection, origin of population studied and type of samples.

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“…The annual global burden is US$ 627.5 million per year, mainly related to healthcare costs, of which 10% pertains to non-endemic countries [ 62 , 63 ]. In Latin America, the economic losses attributed to this disease are 752,000 working days because of premature deaths and US$ 1.2 billion in productivity [ 55 , 64 ].…”

Section: Why Is Trypanosomiasis Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): Potential Therapeutic Strategy against Trypanosomiases?

et al. 2023

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Trypanosomiases are a group of tropical diseases that have devastating health and socio-economic effects worldwide. In humans, these diseases are caused by the pathogenic kinetoplastids Trypanosoma brucei, causing African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, and Trypanosoma cruzi, causing American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. Currently, these diseases lack effective treatment. This is attributed to the high toxicity and limited trypanocidal activity of registered drugs, as well as resistance development and difficulties in their administration. All this has prompted the search for new compounds that can serve as the basis for the development of treatment of these diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides synthesized by both prokaryotes and (unicellular and multicellular) eukaryotes, where they fulfill functions related to competition strategy with other organisms and immune defense. These AMPs can bind and induce perturbation in cell membranes, leading to permeation of molecules, alteration of morphology, disruption of cellular homeostasis, and activation of cell death. These peptides have activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, including parasitic protists. Therefore, they are being considered for new therapeutic strategies to treat some parasitic diseases. In this review, we analyze AMPs as therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of trypanosomiases, emphasizing their possible application as possible candidates for the development of future natural anti-trypanosome drugs.

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More than a Hundred Years in the Search for an Accurate Diagnosis for Chagas Disease: Current Panorama and Expectations

Cited by 8 publications

References 105 publications

ARCHITECT Chagas® as a single test candidate for Chagas disease diagnosis: evaluation of two algorithms implemented in a non-endemic setting

ARCHITECT Chagas® as a single test candidate for Chagas disease diagnosis: evaluation of two algorithms implemented in a non-endemic setting

Rapid Test and Chagas Disease: An Overview

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): Potential Therapeutic Strategy against Trypanosomiases?

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