More than meets the eye: Predator‐induced pupil size plasticity in a teleost fish

Abstract

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Predator community and resource use jointly modulate the inducible defense response in body height of crucian carp

“…Individuals, for instance, showed different fright responses, as a decrease in swimming activity, when exposed to cues from large or small predators, or when these were fed crucian carp or invertebrates (Pettersson et al., 2000) Moreover, crucian carp exhibited different behavioral and neural responses to skin extract from trout, perch, and pike (Lastein et al., 2012). Fish also reduced activity levels and shifted to a nocturnal activity pattern when occurring with diurnal predators such as pike (Vinterstare, Hulthén, Nilsson, Nilsson, et al., 2020). These findings suggest that crucian carp may develop specific responses in presence of certain piscivorous fish species.…”

“…Consequently, fish density and biomass analysis were limited to the littoral and pelagic zones. We also used a variety of fishing methods (e.g., baited traps, gillnets with different mesh sizes, kick nets) to increase our catch of small crucian carp, since these fish often display an elusive behavior and alter diel activity patterns when occurring with predators (Vinterstare et al., 2020). Immediately after capture, fish were euthanized by an overdose of tricainemethanesulfonate (MS222) and transported to the laboratory.…”

Antipredator phenotype in crucian carp altered by a psychoactive drug

“…The contrasting effects in presence/absence of pike might be related to changes in activity. Crucian carp reduce their activity in the presence of predators (Pettersson et al., 2000; Vinterstare, Hulthén, Nilsson, Nilsson, & Brönmark et al., 2020) and earlier study has linked the regulation of the morphological defense expression in crucian carp to differences in activity levels observed with or without predators (Johansson & Andersson, 2009); energy saved by being less active could be allocated to growth. However, our morphometric data clearly show that predator exposure results in increased body depth via dorsal and not ventral change, the latter being expected from reduced activity levels and evident among FLX exposed crucian carp.…”

Acoustic and Light Selective Behavioral Guidance Systems for Freshwater Fish

“…The high visual sensitivity of S. trutta may be related to the fact that this is a predominantly a visual predator [82] and a diurnal and twilight opportunistic [83] (period when the greatest repulsive efficacy was reported) [84] periods. Vinterstare et al [81] mention in their study the importance of trophic and predatory factors in the evolutionary development of vision, as predators rely heavily on vision for the detection and capture of prey [85,86]. However, more trophic factors, other than predation, may be related to the low visual sensitivity to the light stimulus of the cyprinid L. bocagei, which is a species with a greater dependence on benthic and less illuminated habitats and, consequently, it presents other sensory systems better developed such as smell or hearing [87].…”

“…On the other hand, visual orientation behaviors, such as finding food and detecting partners and/or potential predators have been considered as the main drivers of the evolution of the eye, and have produced a multitude of ocular morphologies and visual strategies between taxa and environmental gradients [77][78][79][80][81]. These behavioral/morphological differences between species and/or habitats can also constitute additional elements for the identification of new selective filters.…”