Morpho‐palynological assessment of medicinal flora of district Lahore, Pakistan based on LM and SEM

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In the present study light and scanning electron microscopic approaches were used to study the palynological variations among 30 Asteroideae members. Variety of qualitative and quantitative palynological characters like pollen shape and type, pollen sculpturing, pollen size, P/E ratio, exine and intine thickness, interspecific difference, colpi size, pore size, spines length, spine width, and pollen fertility were observed. Results reported remarkable variations among pollen characters of studied taxa. The shape of pollen grains in polar and equatorial views varied from specie to specie such as spheroidal, prolate, oblate, subspheroidal, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, suboblate, and sub prolate. Bidens pilosa L. showed maximum pollen size in both polar and equatorial views, whereas minimum pollen size in polar view was found in Tetraneuris scaposa (DC.) Greene. (i.e., 30.5 μm) and in equatorial view was found in Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (25.5 μm).The highest P/E ratio (1.39 μm) was measured in Glebionis coronaria L. The values of exine and intine thickness also varied. Tricolporate, tetracolporate, trizonocolporate, pentoporate, and polypentoporate pollen types were examined. Spinateand echinate pollen sculpturingobserved under SEM. Variations in spine length and width also recorded. The maximum pollen fertility (98%) was measured in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and the lowest (56%) was recorded in Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small. It was concluded that the variations in qualitative and quantitative characters were seemed to be valuable for the taxonomic investigations of Asteroideae taxa.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of multimicroscopic techniques (LM and SEM) in comparative palynological study of Asteroideae members, inhabited in Pakistan

Younis

Shaheen

Harun

et al. 2020

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“…Traditionally, morphological tools were used for species identification but with the advancement of science, modern taxonomy also incorporates multiple approaches including palynology (Jalal et al, 2020). Palynomorph characterization is one of the quick and authentic tools for identification and useful in solving complicated problems of interrelationship between various taxa and assessment of their status in the classification particularly with reference to the families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, species, and subspecies (Shaheen et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microscopic implication and evaluation of herbaceous melliferous plants of southern KhyberPakhtunkhwa‐Pakistanusing light and scanning electron microscope

Ullah

Zafar

Ahmad

et al. 2021

The aim of the present study is to investigate the pollen morphology of melliferous plant taxa of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the palynological study of 18 species of melliferous plants namely Calendula arvensis, Cenchrus pennisetiformis, Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. agrestis, Cucurbita maxima, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cynodon dectylon, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Helianthus annus, Lagenaria siceraria, Launaea procumbens, Luffa cylindrica, Pennisetum glaucum, Saccharum spontaneum, Sonchus asper, Verbesina encelioides, Xanthium strumarium, and Zea mays was carried out. Both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollen were studied.Variations were observed in pollen morphology. The dominant pollen shape was prolate-spheroidal (11 species). All the pollen units were monad. The highest exine thickness was found in Citrullus colocynthis (8.45 μm). The maximum polar and equatorial diameter (102 and 97.55 μm) was found in Luffa cylindrica. Similarly, the highest P/E ratio was found in Cucurbita maxima (1.46). Most of the species showed tricolpate and monoporate type of pollen. The exine sculpturing, number of spines per pollen and between colpi and the pollen fertility and sterility provided significant results for the documentation of melliferous plants. Thus, the information listed in this article will prove helpful to identify the potential melliferous plants in the area, geographical origin of the honey, and the availability of pure honey in the local and international market.

“…The longest colpi was reported in Plumbago indica (51 μm) whereas the smallest in Aegle marmelos (15.21 μm). The breadth of colpi also showed variations that could be taxonomically valuable (Shaheen et al, 2018). The minimum colpi width was detected in Ocimum sanctum (1.5 μm), however, Plumbago indica reported the uppermost value that is, 49.23 μm (Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum and minimum values were observed in Plumbago indica and Aegle marmelos , respectively. The study of Shaheen et al (2018) highlights the significance of pollen fertility in plant taxonomy (Figure 7). Moreover, Shaheen et al (2018) reported a 35% fertility level in Terminalia chebula which is very adjacent to the findings of the current study, that is, 41%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in recent times, Harun, Shaheen, Ahmad, and Shahid (2020) used this technique for the identification of ethnobotanically valued members of family Poaceae, whereas Younis et al (2020) and Alyas et al (2020) have identified, respectively, Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae taxa by employing SEM. Apart from these, multiple other taxonomic studies have strongly argued the significance of SEM in the identification of traditional medicinal plants (Rashid et al, 2018; Ahmed et al, 2019; Ramzan et al, 2019, 2019; Shaheen et al, 2017, 2018). The correct identification of medicinal plants before its drug formulation is essentially required because often these medicinal plants can be substituted or adulterated by other poor‐quality medicinal plants which could have no medicinal efficacy or even can cause lethal side effects (Ramzan, Shaheen, Hussain, Sharifi‐Rad, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning electron microscopic screening; Can it be a taxonomic tool for identification of traditional therapeutic plants

Jalal

Shaheen

Saddiqe

et al. 2020

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The limiting factor in the utilization of herbal medicine is the risk of replacement or substitution of their plant resources. Therefore, the authentication of medicinal plants before its use in herbal medicines is essentially required. Hence, the prime objective of this study was to provide some reliable morpho-anatomical and morphopalynological tools for the identification of nine traditional therapeutic plants of district Lahore. For this study, scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic approaches has been employed. Results reported great variations in qualitative and quantitative morpho-anatomical features of the epidermal cell, stomatal complexes, trichomes, silica bodies and oil droplets. For example, Aegle marmelos L. can be distinguished from Cestrum diurnum L. based on epidermal cell shapes, as irregular cells in former and lobed cells shape in later one. Similarly unicellular, bicellular, and multicellular trichomes could be an identification basis for Cynodon dactylon L., Lantana camara L., and Pongamia pinnata L., respectively. In combination with these morphoanatomical characters, SEM-based morpho-palynological characterization also reported diagnostic value. Both the Aegle marmelos and Lantana camara possessed similar cell shape (irregular) but can be delimited based on their pollen morphology as spheroidal pollen was reported in Aegle marmelos whereas prolate in Lantana camara. Moreover, quantitative characters also aid well for species delimitation, such as prolate pollen found in both Cestrum diurnum and Terminalia chebula Retz. but both of these varied in their P/E ratio, that is, 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. The leaf epidermal characters in correlation with morph-palynological traits showed potential for taxonomic resolution at the species level. Research Highlights This study provides valuable morpho-anatomical and morpho-palynological tools for the nine traditional therapeutic plants of the district, Lahore, Pakistan. Light and scanning electron microscopic studies provided useful systematic data for the identification of studied plants. This systematic data include moprho-anatomical and