Morpho-physiological effects of moisture, heat and combined stresses on Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)] and its acclimation mechanisms

Ndlovu, E.; Staden, J. Van; Maphosa, Mcebisi

doi:10.1016/j.stress.2021.100018

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 144 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In dryland areas where drought stress is prevalent, seedling death is a common problem, and is particularly high under combined drought and heat stress conditions, during seedling emergence and establishment (Ndlovu et al 2021 ). Stand losses due to drought may occur after full emergence and before seedling establishment in sorghum (Queiroz et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Drought Stress On Growth and Development Of Sorghummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drought stress, explained by soil water deficit, is one of the major abiotic stresses severely affecting crop yield worldwide. Drought stress has a capacity to significantly delay floral initiation, and affect panicle development and appearance of new leaves (Ndlovu et al 2021 ). It reduces photosynthesis, chlorophyll content (Soil Plant Analysis Development; SPAD), translocation of photo assimilates, and soil nutrient uptake resulting in reduced grain yield and quality (Assefa et al 2010 ; Kapanigowda et al 2013 ; Sehgal et al 2018 ).…”

Section: The Effect Of Drought Stress On Sorghum Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Abreha

Enyew

Carlsson

et al. 2021

Planta

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Main conclusion Droughts negatively affect sorghum’s productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular and physiological. Abstract Sorghum is an economically important and a staple food crop for over half a billion people in developing countries, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sorghum is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of the stress and plant response is indispensable for improving drought tolerance of the crop. This review aimed at enhancing our understanding and provide more insights on drought tolerance in sorghum as a contribution to the development of climate resilient sorghum cultivars. We summarized findings on the effects of drought on the growth and development of sorghum including osmotic potential that impedes germination process and embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, and imbalance in source-sink relations that in turn affect seed filling often manifested in the form of substantial reduction in grain yield and quality. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations are presented. We highlighted the current understanding about the genetic basis of drought tolerance in sorghum, which is important for maximizing utilization of its germplasm for development of improved cultivars. Furthermore, we discussed interactions of drought with other abiotic stresses and biotic factors, which may increase the vulnerability of the crop or enhance its tolerance to drought stress. Based on the research reviewed in this article, it appears possible to develop locally adapted cultivars of sorghum that are drought tolerant and nutrient rich using modern plant breeding techniques.

show abstract

Section: Impact Of Drought Stress On Growth and Development Of Sorghummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Drought Stress On Sorghum Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Abreha

Enyew

Carlsson

et al. 2021

Planta

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the various growth stages, flowering and grain filling are the two critical phases for yield determination (Ndlovu et al, 2021 ). Stresses during these sensitive stages impact reproductive success, photosynthesis and biomass‐related (source) attributes, resulting in yield loss (Oury et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various growth stages, flowering and grain filling are the two critical phases for yield determination (Ndlovu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.)

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drought and heat stresses are the major abiotic stress factors detrimental to maize ( Zea mays L.) production. Much attention has been directed toward plant responses to heat or drought stress. However, maize reproductive stage responses to combined heat and drought remain less explored. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of optimum daytime (30°C, control) and warmer daytime temperatures (35°C, heat stress) on pollen germination, morpho‐physiology, and yield potential using two maize genotypes (“Mo17” and “B73”) under contrasting soil moisture content, that is, 100% and 40% irrigation during flowering. Pollen germination of both genotypes decreased under combined stresses (42%), followed by heat stress (30%) and drought stress (19%). Stomatal conductance and transpiration were comparable between control and heat stress but significantly decreased under combined stresses (83% and 72%) and drought stress (52% and 47%) compared with the control. Genotype “Mo17” reduced its green leaf area to minimize the water loss, which appears to be one of the adaptive strategies of “Mo17” under stress conditions. The leaf reflectance of both genotypes varied across treatments. Vegetation indices associated with pigments (chlorophyll index of green, chlorophyll index of red edge, and carotenoid index) and plant health (normalized difference red‐edge index) were found to be highly sensitive to drought and combined stressors than heat stress. Combined drought and heat stresses caused a significant reduction in yield and yield components in both Mo17 (49%) and B73 (86%) genotypes. The harvest index of genotype “B73” was extremely low, indicating poor partitioning efficiency. At least when it comes to “B73,” the cause of yield reduction appears to be the result of reduced sink number rather than the pollen and source size. To the best of our awareness, this is the first study that showed how the leaf‐level spectra, yield, and quality parameters respond to the short duration of independent and combined stresses during flowering in inbred maize. Further studies are required to validate the responses of potential traits involving diverse maize genotypes under field conditions. This study suggests the need to develop maize with improved tolerance to combined stresses to sustain production under increasing temperatures and low rainfall conditions.

show abstract

“…Various morphological, physiological and phenological mechanisms enable sorghum to escape, avoid and tolerate drought and heat stress. 8,44 Further, under extreme drought conditions, some sorghum genotypes are able to adopt a dormant adaptive mechanism called drought recovery where plants are able to resume growth and gain yield after exposure to severe drought. 45 The ability to sustain metabolic reactions and physiological activities under stress make up sorghum's physiological drought tolerance mechanism.…”

Section: Sorghum As a Climate Smart Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorghum as a household food and livelihood security crop under climate change in South Africa: A review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extreme events, declining rainfall and increasing temperatures under climate change threaten smallholder households’ food and livelihoods security. The potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) to contribute to food security and livelihoods of smallholders in South Africa has not been realised, despite its resilience to heat and drought, due to its marginalisation in research, breeding, the scale of production, and policy support. Consequently, to reduce vulnerability and boost sorghum’s position as a key climate change adaptation crop, in this review we examined some biophysical, socio-economic, socio-cultural and institutional barriers that constrain its production and performance on smallholder farms in South Africa. We further suggest pertinent issues to be addressed to improve production and productivity on smallholder farms. Increasing awareness, policy development and support, and capacitation of extension services, as well as improving market access, agronomic and cultural practices, and availability of more locally adapted sorghum varieties are requisite factors in addressing the prevailing constraints limiting sorghum production. Furthermore, tailored and site-specific studies at farm and landscape level are imperative for informed management and decision support. Thus, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach is key in fostering significant improvement in sorghum production and performance in smallholder systems in South Africa to reduce climate change vulnerability.

show abstract

Morpho-physiological effects of moisture, heat and combined stresses on Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)] and its acclimation mechanisms

Cited by 53 publications

References 144 publications

Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.)

Sorghum as a household food and livelihood security crop under climate change in South Africa: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About