Morphofunctional Changes in the Adrenal Glands in the Early Deadline of the Development of Streptosotocin Diabetes Mellitus

Zhurakivska, О. Ya.; Zhurakivskyi, V. M.; Miskiv, V. A.; Dutchak, U. M.; Kulynych, Haliia; Tkachuk, Yu. L.

doi:10.24061/1727-0847.18.2.2019.16

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Arteriolar spasms in the microcirculation with partial or complete occlusion of the arteriolar lumen were first found. Hyperglycemia, hypercortisolemia, high blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone in rats with experimental DM on the 14 th -28 th days of the experiment have been described by other authors [8,9]. Impaired myocardial blood flow on the background of the initial signs of diabetic microangiopathy results in destructive mitochondrial changes and vacuolar degeneration which has been described earlier as well [10], however, for the first time ever, we have studied, described, and compared the state of the myocardium in case of a comorbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Morphologic characteristic of rat myocardium in comorbid pathology

Vasyliuk,

Khabchuk,

Pavliak

et al. 2023

Patologìâ

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim. Therefore, we aimed to study myocardial changes in adult rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM exposed to chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Materials and methods. A total of 26 adult albino male rats weighing 180–200 g were examined. All the animals were divided into three groups: Group I included 10 rats with STZ-induced DM exposed to CIS; Group II comprised 10 rats with STZ-induced DM; Group III included 6 intact animals. The samples were collected on the 14th and 56th days of the experiment. Histological, histochemical, electron microscopy, and biochemical methods were used. Results. On the 14th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, increased blood flow was observed in the capillaries, venules, and veins, while an arteriolar spasm in the microcirculation was found. In addition, cardiomyocyte surface area in different myocardial regions reduced due to low glycogen content as confirmed by histochemical and ultrastructural studies. On the 56th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, hyperemia occurred due to red blood cell aggregation and microthrombi. The surface area of all microcirculatory vessels increased as compared to that of intact animals, as evidenced by an increase in their wall surface area leading to an increase in their wall-to-lumen ratio. Such morphometric changes in the microcirculatory vessels were indicative of decreased vascular permeability and impaired myocardial blood flow. At the histological level, in Group I and Group II, focal cardiomyocyte lysis, moderate to diffuse stromal edema, lymphohistiocytic infiltration were seen. Such changes pointed to sterile inflammation, probably due to myocardial infraction secondary to diabetic microangiopathy. In cardiomyocytes, karyolysis, vacuolar degeneration, apical ballooning, subsarcolemmic edema, fibrosis and lysis of myofibrils, colliquative necrosis were observed. Conclusions. STZ-induced DM and stress resulted in pronounced destructive changes in the myocardium of rats, including interstitial edema, focal cardiosclerosis, myolysis. Such changes occurred on the background developing diabetic microangiopathy. The most pronounced myocardial changes were recorded in animals with a comorbidity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The latter progresses especially in the later stages of the experiment and results in impaired myocardial blood flow. Elevated cortisol levels in DM lead to the development of hyperergic inflammation in the vascular endothelium and increase fibrinogen synthesis [9,16,17]. The coagulation system is activated that results in hypercoagulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic characteristic of rat myocardium in comorbid pathology

Vasyliuk,

Khabchuk,

Pavliak

et al. 2023

Patologìâ

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“…Other researchers noted an increase in corticoliberin levels in the blood in the fourth week of streptozotocin diabetes [11]; and immunohistochemical methods proved that the neurons of AN and VN are most involved [12]. The development of a stress response, manifested by increased functional activity of adenohypophysis corticotropes, which coincided with the functional stress of cells of zona fasciculata and was accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood cortisol in diabetes, has been described by other researchers [13]. The researchers believe that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates Ca 2+ -dependent processes of insulin secretion and activation of protein through its receptors on the B cells of the pancreatic islets.…”

Section: Results and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Evidence of Apoptosis in Parvocellular Nuclei of Hypothalamus in Diabetes Mellitus

Zhurakivska

Zherdova

Oliinyk

et al. 2021

PEP

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes great socio-economic damage, which is determined by medical expenses and expenditure on social security to patients due to invalidity and loss of labour capacity. Researchers are studying the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides and their involvement in the regulation of pancreatic islet function. In view of the above, the aim of our study was to establish the features of morphofunctional changes in the arcuate nucleus (AN) and ventromedial nucleus (VN) of the hypothalamus in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM). Histological, immunohistochemical, electron-microscopic, biochemical and statistical research methods were used. Polymorphic changes were noted in AN and VN at early stages of development of SIDM (on the 14th day). In AN, the area of neurons and their nuclei became larger, the numerical density of dark functionally more active neurons increased, and dinuclear light neuroendocrine cells (NC) appeared. In light and dark NCs of AN, there was a significant increase in the bulk density of neurosecretory granules – by 2-4 times compared with the control, in VN – by 1.2-2 times. Such morphofunctional changes in parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the increase in the bulk density of neurosecretory granules in their NCs indicate boosted synthesis of neurohormones which directly affect the adenohypophysis and improving functional activity of NCs in AN and VN. On the 70th day of SIDM in AN and VN of the hypothalamus, there was a decrease in the numerical density of neurons due to light NC and increase in the numerical density of vacuolated, dark pycnomorphic and apoptotic neurons. The apoptotic index in the studied nuclei of the hypothalamus increased by 2-4 times compared with the control. The area of the profile field of NC increased and the area of nuclei decreased, which led to the reduced nuclear-cytoplasmic index and indicated a decrease in their functional activity and was confirmed by a decrease in the bulk density of neurosecretory granules in NC by 1.9-2.1 times in AN and by 2.7-4.7 times in VN. At the ultrastructural level, pronounced destructive processes such as vacuolar dystrophy, development of satelliteosis and neuronophagia were observed in light NCs. Thus, prolonged hyperglycemia in SIDM in parvocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus causes neuronal death to a lesser extent due to apoptosis, and to a greater extentdue due to hydropic dystrophy and colliquative necrosis, especially in the long term of the experiment (on the 70th day), and leads to the development of diabetic neuroendocrinopathy.

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