Morphogenesis and adhesion of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>

Andrews, John H.; Harris, R. F.; Spear, R. N.; Lau, Gee W.; Nordheim, Erik V.

doi:10.1139/m94-002

Cited by 94 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…This may be due to limitation of nutrients and/or harsh environmental conditions. Most blastospores converted to SCC, a more adhesive and resistant phenotype (3,10,22,28).…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Colonization Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

McGrath

Andrews

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The role of microbial immigration in the veinal colonization pattern of Aureobasidium pullulans on the adaxial surface of apple leaves was investigated in two experiments at two periods (early and late seasons) in 2004 by applying green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged blastospores to the foliage of orchard trees. Individual leaves were resampled by a semidestructive method immediately after inoculation (t 0 ) and about 1 (t 1 ), 2 (t 2 ), and 3 (t 3 ) weeks later. At t 0 , there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in densities (cells/mm 2 ) on veinal (excluding midvein) sites and those on interveinal sites, but at all points thereafter, densities were significantly higher on veins. GFP-tagged A. pullulans cells remained primarily as singletons on interveinal regions (>90% at all points), while >20% of cells over veins at t 3 were in colonies of >4 cells. The colonies that developed from single cells placed on midveins and other veins were significantly larger than those that developed on interveinal regions of detached field and seedling leaves incubated under controlled conditions. Colonies primarily developed linearly along veins, reaching average colony sizes (72 h

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“…This may be due to limitation of nutrients and/or harsh environmental conditions. Most blastospores converted to SCC, a more adhesive and resistant phenotype (3,10,22,28).…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Colonization Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

McGrath

Andrews

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A. pullulans cell counts were recorded by morphotype (blastospore, SCC, or hyphal) (26) and degree of aggregation (single cells or colony size) with respect to the leaf region (midvein, other smaller veins, and interveinal). Blastospores and SCC were distinguished based on characteristic morphology (cell size and pigmentation) (2,25,26). A field containing the midvein was designated a midvein field, and all A. pullulans cells in the field were considered occupants of a midvein region.…”

Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is polymorphic, with morphotypes that include blastospores, swollen cells and chlamydospores (SCC), pseudohyphae, and hyphae (26). The fungus produces extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which promotes adhesion and may prevent desiccation and/or provide protection from environmental stresses (2,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Changes in Microscale Colonization of the Phylloplane by Aureobasidium pullulans

McGrath

Andrews

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A. pullulans, which usually colonizes the phylloplane (13), can withstand periods of desiccation and high temperatures and produces highly melanized hyphae that protect against UV exposure (12). A. pullulans also produces extracellular polysaccharides that may facilitate permanent adhesion to surfaces (4), and factors controlling adhesion of A. pullulans to pPVC have recently been characterized (43). Therefore, adaptations for survival within the phylloplane probably confer advantages on A. pullulans for the colonization of painted and plastic surfaces within the environment (51).…”

Section: Alternaria Alternatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Colonization and Biodeterioration of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Webb

Nixon

Eastwood

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

182

100

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Significant substratum damage can occur when plasticized PVC (pPVC) is colonized by microorganisms. We investigated microbial colonization of pPVC in an in situ, longitudinal study. Pieces of pPVC containing the plasticizers dioctyl phthalate and dioctyl adipate (DOA) were exposed to the atmosphere for up to 2 years. Fungal and bacterial populations were quantified, and colonizing fungi were identified by rRNA gene sequencing and morphological characteristics. Aureobasidium pullulans was the principal colonizing fungus, establishing itself on the pPVC between 25 and 40 weeks of exposure. A group of yeasts and yeast-like fungi, including Rhodotorula aurantiaca and Kluyveromyces spp., established themselves on the pPVC much later (after 80 weeks of exposure). Numerically, these organisms dominated A. pullulans after 95 weeks, with a mean viable count ؎ standard error of 1,000 ؎ 200 yeast CFU cm ؊2 , compared to 390 ؎ 50 A. pullulans CFU cm ؊2 . No bacterial colonization was observed. We also used in vitro tests to characterize the deteriogenic properties of fungi isolated from the pPVC. All strains of A. pullulans tested could grow with the intact pPVC formulation as the sole source of carbon, degrade the plasticizer DOA, produce extracellular esterase, and cause weight loss of the substratum during growth in vitro. In contrast, several yeast isolates could not grow on pPVC or degrade DOA. These results suggest that microbial succession may occur during the colonization of pPVC and that A. pullulans is critical to the establishment of a microbial community on pPVC.Plasticized PVC (pPVC) is highly susceptible to microbial attack in many different environmental situations. The problem was first identified in U.S. government reports of the deterioration of military equipment (8, 44), and subsequent reports described defacement and deterioration of commercial pPVC products (20,50). Biodeterioration of pPVC is now known to occur in a wide range of industrial, commercial, and structural applications (18,19,22).The susceptibility of pPVC results from the presence of plasticizers, commonly organic acid esters such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA), added to modify physical or mechanical properties of the polymer. Both bacteria (6,7,14) and fungi (5, 36) can degrade ester-based plasticizers. Loss of plasticizers from pPVC due to microbial degradation results in brittleness, shrinkage, and ultimately failure of the pPVC in its intended application.Microbial deterioration of pPVC has been studied extensively in vitro. Many studies have examined the resistance of pPVC formulations incorporating biocides to colonization by test organisms (38,39,46). Other research has determined biodegradability by measuring changes in the physical properties of pPVC, such as changes in tensile strength (49), mass (9), or electrical properties (42) during biodegradation. Several international standard test methods for microbiological susceptibility of plastics have been established (1, 2, 26).Colonization processes occurring...

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Morphogenesis and adhesion of Aureobasidium pullulans

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

Temporal Changes in Microscale Colonization of the Phylloplane by Aureobasidium pullulans

Fungal Colonization and Biodeterioration of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

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