Morphogenesis Urborendzyn of the Old Castle Kamyanets-Podilsky State Historical Museum of the Reserve

Abstract

The appearance of the soil, i.e. its morphology, is a reflection of its internal features, such as mineral composition and physico-chemical characteristics. External qualities of genetic horizons reproduce the material composition of the soil, and in their professional analysis can give an idea of the nature of the regimes that determine the modern processes of soil genesis. Morphogenetic characteristic properties of soil are formed in the process of soil formation. There is a number of works and publications regarding the morphogenesis of soils of beligerative complexes, but due to certain difficulties in their research, the available factual information is insignificant, insufficiently systematized and generalized. Researchers have difficulty classifying and diagnosing research objects when studying such soils. Discussions on these issues continue to this day. The old castle of the Kamyanets-Podilsky State Historical Museum-Reserve is a long-lasting self-regulated military fortification beligerative landscape complex of the slope type. Located in the canyon part of the valley of the river Smotrych. The total area of the Old Castle is about 4.5 hectares. The initial soil surveys within the Old Castle were conducted in 1932 by Professor VV Akimtsev, as a result of which the morphogenetic properties of the soil formed on the open terrace of the “Denna Tower” were described in detail. The article analyzes the available scientific works and publications on the morphogenesis of modern and buried soils of beligerative complexes. A comparative analysis of different morphogenetic features of urborendzin formed on the “Denna Tower” of the Old Castle in Kamianets-Podilskyi region is carried out. Detailed descriptions of morphogenetic characteristic properties of the studied soil are given. Much attention is paid to differences in morphological descriptions. The dynamics of changes in morphogenetic parameters is established. The comparison of indexing systems of genetic horizons of the studied soil used by different researchers is given. The classification of the FAO system (WRB, 2006) in combination with the substrate-functional classification of anthropogenic soils O. B. Vovk and the profile-genetic classification of M. M. Stroganova were used. The following scientific methods were used in the process of research of morphological features of beligerative structures soils of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Old Castle: morphological, cartographic, source, problem-chronological, comparative-geographical, and archeological. Key words: beligerative complex; morphogenesis; soil, urborendzin; the “Denna Tower”.