Morphological analysis of the foramen magnum in finless porpoise (genus<i>Neophocaena</i>) using postmortem computed tomography 3D volume rendered images

Kot, Bcw; Chan, Derek K. P.; Yuen, Adams Hei Long; Wong, Francis Ho Man; Tsui, Henry C. L.

doi:10.1111/mms.12512

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Virtopsy using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and postmortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging (PMMRI) has been implemented in the pioneering virtopsydriven cetacean stranding response program in Hong Kong (HK) waters, to provide vital or additional information for conventional necropsy (Kot et al, 2016(Kot et al, , 2018(Kot et al, , 2019(Kot et al, , 2020Chan et al, 2017;Yuen et al, 2017). Stranded cetacean carcasses found in HK waters are often badly degraded (Jefferson et al, 2002) as high temperature and humidity accelerate autolysis (Klein et al, 2016), hampering stranding response personnel and veterinarians in the documentation of postmortem findings and tissue sampling (Tsui et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Neuroimaging of Cetacean Brains Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2020

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Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and postmortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging (PMMRI) have been applied to provide vital or additional information for conventional necropsy, along the pioneering virtopsy-driven cetacean stranding response program in Hong Kong waters. It is common for stranded carcasses to become badly degraded and susceptible to rapid cerebral autolysis and putrefaction. Necropsy on decomposed brains with limited sample analysis often defy a specific diagnosis. Studies on PMMR neuroimaging have focused on neuroanatomy and brain morphology in freshly deceased or preserved specimens. Moreover, the literature is devoid of any reference on the potential value of PMMRI examination of decomposed cetacean brains. To that end, this project evaluated the benefits of PMMR neuroimaging in situ in decomposed carcasses in comparison to PMCT. A total of 18 cetacean carcasses were studied by PMCT and PMMRI examinations. Anatomical brain structures and visible brain pathologies were evaluated and scored using Likert-scale rating. Intracranial gas accumulation was clearly depicted in all cases by all radiological techniques. Other features were more clearly depictable in PMMRI than in PMCT images. Results of this study indicated that superiority of PMMRI compared to PMCT increased with advanced putrefaction of the brain. The preservation of structural integrity was presented by PMMRI due to its superior capability to evaluate soft tissue. Brain PMMRI should be incorporated in postmortem investigation of decomposed stranded cetaceans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Neuroimaging of Cetacean Brains Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2020

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“…PMMRI was performed with a GE SIGNA Explorer 1.5 Tesla MR scanner (General Electric Company, Wisconsin, United States) or a 0.25 Tesla Esaote Vet MR Grande scanner (Esaote Biomedica, Genoa, Italy). Details of scanning parameters may refer to previous publications (Kot et al, 2016(Kot et al, , 2018a(Kot et al, , 2019(Kot et al, , 2020aYuen et al, 2017). Datasets were saved in DICOM 3.0 format.…”

Section: Virtopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discussions regarding the modification of stranding response protocol to accommodate virtopsy, including concerns over manpower, logistics, equipment, and safety, were followed by the standardisation of virtopsy protocols. Standardised virtopsy protocols and techniques for PM pathological diagnosis were adhered to Yuen et al, 2017;Kot et al, 2018aKot et al, , 2019Kot et al, , 2020a. Pitfalls encountered were addressed with corrective measures to ensure the structural and practical management of the first Cetacean Virtopsy Stranding Response Programme (CVSRP) in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtopsy as a Revolutionary Tool for Cetacean Stranding Programs: Implementation and Management

et al. 2020

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On top of conventional necropsy, virtopsy (postmortem computed tomography and postmortem magnetic resonance imaging) has been integrated into the Cetacean Stranding Response Programme in Hong Kong since March 2014. To date, 177 out of 240 local stranded cetaceans have been examined by virtopsy. This integration has modernised the characterisation and documentation of cetacean biological health and profiles, and causes of death. During this 6-year period, critical pitfalls regarding logistics, carcass recovery, handling, and preservation have been identified. A strategic management scheme is crucial for the successful incorporation of virtopsy into this pioneer programme. This study explains the workflow of the Cetacean Virtopsy Stranding Response Programme in Hong Kong waters. Difficulties encountered are highlighted and practical solutions to address management issues are proposed to consolidate the stranding response network.

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“…With the advantage of non-invasiveness, virtopsy, the postmortem use of imaging modalities including computed tomography (PMCT) and magnetic resonance imaging ( Thali et al, 2003a ), has been increasingly applied in the postmortem examination of cetaceans in recent years (e.g., Danil et al, 2014 ; Hamel et al, 2020 ; Kot et al, 2018 , 2019 , 2020a , 2020b , 2021 ; Tsui et al, 2020 ; Yuen et al, 2017 ; Zucca et al, 2004 ). One of the applications of virtopsy, particularly PMCT, is to detect pathological lesions, including parasitic infections, especially in cumbersome regions that are difficult and not routinely examined thoroughly during conventional necropsy (e.g., cranial sinuses or muscles across the entire body), and therefore allowing precise examination and targeted sampling ( Tsui et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Crassicauda fuelleborni nematode infection in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) using postmortem computed tomography

Kot

Leung

et al. 2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Morphological analysis of the foramen magnum in finless porpoise (genusNeophocaena) using postmortem computed tomography 3D volume rendered images

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Postmortem Neuroimaging of Cetacean Brains Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Postmortem Neuroimaging of Cetacean Brains Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Virtopsy as a Revolutionary Tool for Cetacean Stranding Programs: Implementation and Management

Characterisation of Crassicauda fuelleborni nematode infection in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) using postmortem computed tomography

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