Morphological and Applied Anatomical Studies on the Head Region of Local Mizo Pig (Zovawk) of Mizoram

Abstract

Zovawk is newly identified breed of pig of Mizoram approved by breed registration committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. This study was designed to provide maximum number of morphometrical parameters of skull and some valuable information on clinically important parameters of Zovawk. The skull of the Zovawk was dolichocephalic according to the cephalic index (53.56±0.11). The supraorbital foramina distance, infraorbital foramina distance, skull length, skull width, cranial length and nasal length of the Zovawk were 3.49±0.01 cm, 6.55±0.01 cm, 28.26±0.03 cm, 15.11±0.26 cm, 13.17±0.04 cm and 13.79±0.02 cm, respectively. The orbital margins were found to be incomplete with bilateral variation among the orbits of both the sides. The distance from the process of alveolar socket of canine tooth to the infraorbital canal and from the latter to the root of the fourth upper premolar alveolar tooth directly ventral to it was 4.77±0.04 cm and 1.20±0.01 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The data are of clinical importance as a guide for tracking the infra-orbital nerve, and necessary for its desensitization during the manipulations in the skin of the upper lip, nostril and face at the level of the foramen. The distance between the lateral end of the alveolus of the third incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 3.57±0.04 cm in Zovawk, which is an important landmark for achieving the location of the mental nerve for the regional nerve block Zovawk. The length and height of the mandible were 25.02±0.09 cm and 10.54±0.07 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The morphometric measurements of the skull and applied anatomy of the head region of the Zovawk provide an important baseline data for further research in the field of applied anatomy.

Morphological Studies on the Skull Bones of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)

“…The mastoid foramina were paired and located at the junction between the occipital and parietal bones as mentioned earlier in ox (Raghavan, 1964) and blackbuck (Choudhary and Singh, 2016). The occipital condyles were present on the lateral parts of the occipital bone on either side of the foramen magnum as reported previously in blackbuck (Choudhary and Singh, 2016) and local mizo pig (Choudhary et al, 2019). The foramen magnum was large and roughly oval in shape as reported earlier in ox (Raghavan, 1964), chital (Ramswarup, 2011), blackbuck (Choudhary and Singh, 2016), chinkara (Din et al, 2019), goat of Mizoram (Choudhary et al, 2020) and Bardhoka autochthonous sheep (Gündemir et al, 2020).…”

“…The mandible (Fig 5) was the heaviest bone of the skull and both the mandibles remained unossified as also reported in spotted deer (Kumawat et al, 2014) and blackbuck ; however, the mandibular symphysis was ossified in the camel , horse (Getty, 1975) and pig (Choudhary et al, 2019). The body of the mandible consisted of the rostral part and caudal part.…”

Applied Anatomy of the Maxillofacial and Mandibular Regions of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis) and its Clinical Significance in Regional Anesthesia

“…The distance between the lateral alveolar roots of the third inferior incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 5.29±0.02 cm in males, 5.26±0.01 cm in females of mithun (Fig 2) which was an important landmark for achieving the location of the mental foramen nerve for the regional nerve block in mithun. In contrast, it was 2.54 cm in adult cows of Pakistan (Shahid and Muhammad, 2001), 3.81 cm in adult buffalo of Pakistan (Shahid and Muhammad, 2001), 1.60±0.22 cm in WAD goat (Olopade and Onwuka, 2005); 2.00±0.3 cm in red Sokoto (Maradi) goats (Olopade and Onwuka, 2007); 2.5 cm in Iranian native cattle (Monfared 2013), 2.45±0.00 cm in blackbuck ; 4.32±0.41 in donkey (Mohamed and Fathy, 2015), 4.0±0.12 cm in crossbred cattle (Rajathi 2015) 9.22±0.05 cm in dromedary camel , 3.57±0.04 cm in local pig of Mizoram (Choudhary et al, 2019) and 1.58±0.29 cm in males; 1.25±0.19 cm in females of chinkara (Din et al, 2020).…”

“…The knowledge of the regional anatomy of the head is crucial as it has to coordinate the body, deglutition, olfaction and defense (Dyce et al, 1996). Numerous investigations have been done on the regional anatomy of the head region of the domestic and wild animals including ox, horse, sheep, goat, dog, pig and camel (Dyce et al, 1996;Hall et al, 2000;Onar et al, 2001;Olopade and Onwuka, 2005;Karimi et al, 2011;Choudhary et al, , 2017Choudhary et al, , 2019.…”

Gross Morphological, Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Epididymis of Local Pig (Zovawk) of Mizoram

“…The total pig population of Mizoram is around 1,17,675; whereas the Zovawk population of Mizoram is about 43,000 (Livestock Census, 2007). Zovawk is newly identified breed of the pig of Mizoram approved by breed registration committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi (Choudhary et al, 2018;2019). The size of the Zovawk is small, attained puberty at the age of 2.5 months (Hmar et al, 2010).…”