Morphological and chemical analysis of magic mushrooms in Japan

Tsujikawa, Kenji; Kanamori, Tatsuyuki; Iwata, Yuko; Ohmae, Yoshihito; Sugita, Ritsuko; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Kishi, Tohru

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.08.009

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Even lower levels are found in the mycelium (Gartz, 1986b;Kysilka and Wurst, 1989;Keller et al, 1998). Other investigators have found marginal difference in psilocybin-and psilocin-content in the hat and the stipe for some mushroom species (Tsujikawa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Christiansen Et Al 1981bmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids

Andersson¹,

Gry²,

Kristinsson³

2009

TemaNord

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Section: Christiansen Et Al 1981bmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids

Andersson¹,

Gry²,

Kristinsson³

2009

TemaNord

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“…Several techniques have been employed to determine psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms for forensic analysis, with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) being by far the most widely used analytical technique. Detection modes include ultraviolet (UV) (1,2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), fluorescence (2,12,13,17,19,20), electrochemical (12), voltametric detection, (6,9), and mass spectrometry (2,5,13,18,20). Other techniques for the determination of psilocin and psilocybin in mushroom samples also include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (21)(22)(23), capillary electrophoresis (3), infrared spectroscopy (8,23), thin layer chromatography (2,15,18,21,24), gas chromatography (6,25), ion mobility spectrometry (22), and flow injection analysis (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms by HPLC Utilizing a Dual Reagent Acidic Potassium Permanganate and Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Chemiluminescence Detection System

Anastos

Lewis

Barnett

et al. 2006

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This paper describes a procedure for the determination of psilocin and psilocybin in mushroom extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn chemiluminescence detection. A number of extraction methods for psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms were investigated, with a simple methanolic extraction being found to be most effective. Psilocin and psilocybin were extracted from a variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms using methanol. The analytes were separated on a C12 column using a (95:5% v/v) methanol:10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.5 mobile phase with a run time of 5 min. Detection was realized through a dual reagent chemiluminescence detection system of acidic potassium permanganate and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). The chemiluminescence detection system gave improved detectability when compared with UV absorption at 269 nm, with detection limits of 1.2 x 10(-8) and 3.5 x 10(-9) mol/L being obtained for psilocin and psilocybin, respectively. The procedure was applied to the determination of psilocin and psilocybin in three Australian species of hallucinogenic mushroom.

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“…The collected dried natural fruit body was swollen to return it to its previous state using 2.5% potassium hydroxide solution (Tsujikawa et al 2003). The longitudinal section of the fruit body (including gill, flesh and stipe) was observed on a S-570 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitach, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 15 or 20 kV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Psilocybe fasciata and its companion fungus Acremonium strictum

Zhang

2005

Ecological Research

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Interactions between Psilocybe fasciata and its companion fungus Acremonium strictum were analysed. The conidia of A. strictum were observed on stipe, flesh and gill of P. fasciata, which suggested that A. strictum is the fungicolous fungi or mycophilic fungi of P. fasciata. The microscopic observations of the interacting hyphae of P. fasciata and A. strictum in dual culture and the negligible activities of chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase in inducing or non-inducing media of the pure and mixed cultures of the two fungi indicated that A. strictum is not the mycoparasite of P. fasciata. In addition, the co-existence, no pigmentation and dew formation in dual culture of both fungi were observed, which implied that the interference competition between the two fungi is weak. The activities of cellobiase, filter paper enzyme, endoglucanase and xylanase of pure and mixed cultures of P. fasciata and A. strictum were the same or similar, which may allow the co-existence of the two fungi. As a consequence of coevolution, the relationship between P. fasciata and A. strictum is commensalism: A. strictum showed no clear benefit to P. fasciata; however, P. fasciata may shelter A. strictum by its psychoactive tryptamines and may be helpful to conidium dispersal of A. strictum. The relationship between P. fasciata and A. strictum is different from that of A. strictum and other fungi.

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Morphological and chemical analysis of magic mushrooms in Japan

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids

Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids

The Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms by HPLC Utilizing a Dual Reagent Acidic Potassium Permanganate and Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Chemiluminescence Detection System

Interactions between Psilocybe fasciata and its companion fungus Acremonium strictum

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