Morphological and functional alterations in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Schmitt, Andrea; Falkai, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0662-5

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Interestingly, the increase in this connectivity was associated with a decrease in PTSD symptoms, while previous studies indicated abnormal hyperactivity in the precuneus among people with PTSD (Etkin and Wager, 2007; Lanius et al, 2006; Morey et al, 2008; Patel et al, 2012; Rabellino et al, 2015). Cwik et al (2016) reported a positive correlation between the precuneus response to trauma-related pictures and subsequent PTSD symptom severity in acute stress disorder patients. Also, paroxetine treatment for PTSD has been shown to decrease resting-state amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the precuneus (Zhu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Real-time fMRI amygdala neurofeedback positive emotional training normalized resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without PTSD: a connectome-wide investigation

Misaki

Phillips

Zotev

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Self-regulation of brain activation using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) is an emerging approach for treating mood and anxiety disorders. The effect of neurofeedback training on resting-state functional connectivity warrants investigation as changes in spontaneous brain activation could reflect the association between sustained symptom relief and brain alteration. We investigated the effect of amygdala-focused rtfMRI-nf training on resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were trained to increase a feedback signal reflecting left amygdala activity while recalling positive autobiographical memories (Zotev et al., 2018). The analysis was performed in three stages: i) first, we investigated the connectivity in the left amygdala region; ii) next, we focused on the abnormal resting-state functional connectivity identified in our previous analysis of this data (Misaki et al., 2018); and iii) finally, we performed a novel data-driven longitudinal connectome-wide analysis. We introduced a longitudinal multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) analysis to comprehensively examine neurofeedback training effects beyond those associated with abnormal baseline connectivity.These comprehensive exploratory analyses suggested that abnormal resting-state connectivity for combat veterans with PTSD was partly normalized after the training. This included hypoconnectivities between the left amygdala and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and between the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The increase of SMA-dACC connectivity was associated with PTSD symptom reduction. Longitudinal MDMR analysis found a connectivity change between the precuneus and the left superior frontal cortex. The connectivity increase was associated with a decrease in hyperarousal symptoms. The abnormal connectivity for combat veterans without PTSD - such as hypoconnectivity in the precuneus with a superior frontal region and hyperconnectivity in the posterior insula with several regions - could also be normalized after the training. These results suggested that the rtfMRI-nf training effect was not limited to a feedback target region and symptom relief could be mediated by brain modulation in several regions other than in a feedback target area. While further confirmatory research is needed, the results may provide valuable insight into treatment effects on the whole brain resting-state connectivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Real-time fMRI amygdala neurofeedback positive emotional training normalized resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without PTSD: a connectome-wide investigation

Misaki

Phillips

Zotev

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…MBCT has been shown to reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory (55, 69, 70), improve attention deployment and maintenance during sad mood (71) and reduce attentional-bias towards negative emotional stimuli (72), although such attentional improvements are not ubiquitous (42, 48, 73). MBCT has additionally been shown to augment suppression of currently-irrelevant mental sets (74) and promote both cognitive flexibility and overall cognitive functioning (75), benefits which correlate with a reduction in depressive symptomology. Studies examining other MBIs with healthy participants similarly indicated improvements in cognitive abilities such as working memory (76–77), cognitive flexibility (78–79) and inhibition (80), with very limited evidence regarding attentional improvements (see (73) for a review).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry

Shapero

Greenberg

Pedrelli

et al. 2018

FOC

107

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Mindfulness meditation has a longstanding history in eastern practices that has received considerable public interest in recent decades. Indeed, the science, practice, and implementation of Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) have dramatically increased in recent years. At its base, mindfulness is a natural human state in which an individual experiences and attends to the present moment. Interventions have been developed to train individuals how to incorporate this practice into daily life. The current article will discuss the concept of mindfulness and describe its implementation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We further identify for whom MBIs have been shown to be efficacious and provide an up-to-date summary of how these interventions work. This includes research support for the cognitive, psychological, and neural mechanisms that lead to psychiatric improvements. This review provides a basis for incorporating these interventions into treatment.

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“…An important system implicated in neural organization of response to stressful experiences is the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) system, including glucocorticoids (GC), pituitary adenylate cyclase (PAC1), and other signaling pathways with roles in initiation and regulation of the stress response. Both GC and PAC1 have been implicated in trauma-related psychopathologies such as PTSD [56•, 88–92] and depression [93–97], and have evinced sex differences [56•, 88, 98–101]. Recent evidence delineates sex-specific genetic risk factors entailing both GC and PAC1.…”

Section: Direct Evidence Of Sex Differences In Trauma-related Psychopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Trauma-Related Psychopathology: a Critical Review of Neuroimaging Literature (2014–2017)

Helpman

Zhu

Suarez‐Jimenez

et al. 2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review Sex differences in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of trauma-related psychopathology have long been documented. Multiple underlying mechanisms have been examined, both psychosocial and biological. Among the most promising biological mechanisms are neural substrates of trauma-related psychopathology that have been uncovered in recent years. Recent Findings Neuroimaging studies of sex-related heterogeneity published over the past 3 years (2014–2017) demonstrate an interaction between sex and type, timing, and load of trauma exposure. These studies suggest that, for males, early trauma exposure may involve a loss of gray matter in the limbic system, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and hippocampus, and an over-activity and increased connectivity of salience hubs, and particularly dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). For females, however, early trauma exposure may involve overactive and possibly an enlarged amygdala, as well as decreased connectivity of salience hubs such as the dACC. Underlying mechanisms may include interaction with several endocrine systems and result in differential neural response to naturally occurring and added endocrine ligands, as well as sex-specific genetic and epigenetic risk and resilience factors. This complex interaction between multiple biological systems may be associated with sex-specific behavioral patterns, in turn associated with trauma-related psychopathology. Summary While substantial number of published studies present preliminary evidence for neural mechanisms of sex-specific posttraumatic responses, there is a paucity of research directly designed to examine sex as a biological factor in trauma-related psychopathology. Specific foci for future studies aiming to bridge current gaps in the literature are discussed.

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Morphological and functional alterations in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Real-time fMRI amygdala neurofeedback positive emotional training normalized resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without PTSD: a connectome-wide investigation

Real-time fMRI amygdala neurofeedback positive emotional training normalized resting-state functional connectivity in combat veterans with and without PTSD: a connectome-wide investigation

Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry

Sex Differences in Trauma-Related Psychopathology: a Critical Review of Neuroimaging Literature (2014–2017)

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