Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. III. Functional identification

Naka, Kazuhito; Marmarelis, Panos Z.; Chan, Raymond Y.

doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.1.92

Cited by 96 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When fully field adapted, the skate horizontal cell response could be reconstructed by the first-order kernels with a MSE of ~ 10%. This value is similar to those found for turtle and catfish horizontal cells (Naka et al, 1975;Chappell et al, 1985), and turtle cones . The linear range response in skate was > 10 mV peak-to-peak, a response amplitude comparable to those found for the turtle and catfish horizontal cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamics of skate horizontal cells.

Naka

Chappell

Sakuranaga

et al. 1988

The Journal of General Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The all-rod retina of the skate (Raja erinacea or R-0scel/ata) is known to have the remarkable capability of responding to incremental flashes superimposed on background intensities that initially block all light-evoked responses and are well above the level at which rods saturate in mixed rod/cone retinas. To examine further the unusual properties of the skate visual system, we have analyzed responses of their horizontal cells to intensity-modulated step, sinusoidal, and white-noise stimuli.We found that during exposures to mean intensities bright enough to block responses to incremental stimuli, decremental stimuli were also initially blocked. Thereafter, the horizontal cells underwent a slow recovery phase during which there was marked nonlinearity in their response properties. The cell first (within 2-3 rain) responded to decrements in intensity and later (after > 10 rain) became responsive to incremental sdmuli. After adaptation to a steady state, however, the responses to intensity modulation were nearly linear over a broad range of modulation depths even at the brightest mean levels of illumination. Indeed, examination of the steady-state responses over a 5-log-unit range of mean intensities revealed that the amplitude of the white noise-evoked responses depended solely on contrast, and was independent of the retinal irradiance as the latter was increased from 0.02 to 20 #W/cm~; i.e., contrast sensitivity remained unchanged over this 1,000-fold increase in mean irradiance. A decrement from the mean as brief as 2 s, however, disturbed the steady state.Another unexpected finding in this all-rod retina concerns surround-enhancement, a phenomenon observed previously for cone-mediated responses of horizontal cells in the retinas of turtle and catfish. While exposure to annular illumination induced response compression and a pronounced sensitivity loss in response to incremental light flashes delivered to the dark central region, the cell's sensitivity showed a significant increase when tested with a white noise or sinusoidally modulated central spot. Unlike horizontal cells in other retinas studied thus far, however, response dynamics remained unchanged.Responses evoked either by a small spot (0.25-mm diam) or by a large field light covering the entire retina were almost identical in time course. This is in contrast

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamics of skate horizontal cells.

Naka

Chappell

Sakuranaga

et al. 1988

The Journal of General Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…White-noise or similar analysis performed so far on distal neurons in the turtle receptor and cone horizontal cells (Tranchina et al, 1981(Tranchina et al, , 1983Chappell et al, 1985), on catfish cone horizontal and bipolar, cells (Naka et al, 1975;Naka, 1985), and on the ocellar second-order neurons (Mizunami et al, 1986) has produced similar results. (a) The cells' response to white-noise-modulated light is linearly related to the modulation .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The responses to a short flash of light given in the dark are transient phenomena during which response parameters, including sensitivity, are rapidly changing and are not steady state responses. Evidence has accumulated to show that cells in the distal retina, when adapted to a steady mean irradiance, produce responses linearly related to the modulation of light stimulus (Naka et al ., 1975 ;Naka, 1985 ;Mizunami et al ., 1986). In this article, we examine the steady state dynamics of turtle receptor response evoked by a modulation of mean irradiance .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of turtle cones.

Naka¹,

Itoh²,

Chappell³

1987

The Journal of General Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The response dynamics of turtle photoreceptors (cones) were studied by the cross-correlation method using a white-noise-modulated light stimulus . Incremental responses were characterized by the kernels. Whitenoise-evoked responses with a peak-to-peak excursion of >5 mV were linear, with mean square errors of^-8%, a degree of linearity comparable to the horizontal cell responses. Both a spot (0 .17 mm diam) and a large field of light produced almost identical kernels. The amplitudes of receptor kernels obtained at various mean irradiances fitted approximately the Weber-Fechner relationship and the mean levels controlled both the amplitude and the response dynamics ; kernels were slow and monophasic at low mean irradiance and were fast and biphasic at high mean irradiance . This is a parametric change and is a piecewise linearization. Horizontal cell kernels evoked by the small spot of light were monophasic and slower than the receptor kernels produced by the same stimulus . Larger spots of light or a steady annular illumination transformed the slow horizontal cell kernel into a fast kernel similar to those of the receptors. The slowing down of the kernel waveform was modeled by a simple low-pass circuit and the presumed feedback from horizontal cells onto cones did not appear to play a major role .

show abstract

“…This is the approach carried out by Marmarelis and Naka (8,9), who have investigated operating point nonlinearities in catfish retinal cells. For these nonlinear systems, the magnitudes of the nonlinear response components are small compared to the linear component and become vanishingly small as the input amplitude is reduced.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples exist of systems that are so highly nonlinear that they cannot be treated as operating point nonlinearities. For instance, Naka and his colleagues (9) found that Wiener analysis had to be carried to third order to obtain only passable agreement with Proc. Natl.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear analysis of cat retinal ganglion cells in the frequency domain.

Victor

Shapley²,

Knight

1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have analyzed the responses of cat retinal ganglion cells to luminosity gratings that are modulated in time by a sum of sinusoids. A judicious choice of the component temporal frequencies permits a separation of the linear and second-order nonlinear components. Y cell responses show harmonic generation and intermodulation distortion over a wide frequency range. These nonlinear components predominate over the linear components for certain types of spatial stimuli. Nonlinear components in X cells are greatly diminished in comparison. The modulation signal used in these experiments was a periodic signal composed of the sum of several sinusoids. The use of this signal in nonlinear systems analysis was an innovation suggested by Spekreijse's technique (6). The sum was formed by either six or eight sinusoids that spanned five to seven octaves. The component sinusoids were equal in amplitude in each episode. In different episodes, the amplitudes of the components were set to produce peak contrasts from 0.0125 up to 0.1 per sinusoid.This modulation signal was chosen because (i) its values are distributed approximately as a Gaussian distribution, (fl) it has a power spectrum that spans a broad frequency band, and (ii) the discreteness of the input frequencies leads to a corresponding discreteness in the output frequencies, and this allows digital filtering of frequency-response components. When this modulation signal is used, one observes the effect of nonlinearities by measuring components in the response at harmonics and at combination frequencies. Linear

show abstract

Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. III. Functional identification

Cited by 96 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamics of skate horizontal cells.

Dynamics of skate horizontal cells.

Dynamics of turtle cones.

Nonlinear analysis of cat retinal ganglion cells in the frequency domain.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About