Morphological and genetic variation in natural populations of Quercus vulcanica and Q. frainetto

Yücedağ, Cengiz; Müller, Markus; Gailing, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01737-w

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Leaf size, shape, leaf specific area, nitrogen content, and teeth number are related to mean annual temperature, precipitation, and elevation (Royer et al 2005, Peppe et al 2011, Read et al 2014, Temel 2018), but other parameters excluding the teeth number of leaves which were not measured in the present study, and there was no significant relationship between the teeth number of leaves and ecological factors. Yücedağ et al (2021) determined that most leaf traits of Kasnak oak (Q. vulcanica) (an endemic species) showed significant positive and negative correlations with lamina length but no correlation with stomata density, altitude and precipitation effectiveness index in either comparison. In this study, we detected no significant relationship between environmental factors (altitude, aspect, annual temperature and annual precipitation) and leaf traits, which might be due to the fact that the leaf samples were obtained from the same region (Eastern Black Sea region).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The differences in the morphological characteristics of leaves are probably related to the anatomical characteristics of the vessel elements because of the strong correlation be-tween physiological and morphological leaf characteristics (Eguchi et al 2004, Bayramzadeh et al 2008, Güney et.al 2016. The arrangement, size, shape, and anatomy of leaves differed greatly among plants growing in different environments (Bruschi et al 2003, Kusi and Karsai 2020, Yücedağ et al 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also naturally distributed in south-western Georgia and included in the "Red List" of Georgia (Patarkalashvili 2017). Although there are numer-ous studies about leaf morphological variations and genetic characteristics of Quercus (Jurkšienė and Baliuckas 2014, Ebrahimi et al 2017, Gailing et al 2018, Kusi and Karsai 2020, Yücedağ et al 2021, leaf variation in Q. pontica has not been investigated. Although studies were carried out on the traits of seed (Aksu and Tilki 2015), wood (Serdar andMazlum 2014, Özgenç 2020), vegetation (Ermakov et al 2020) and silviculture (Yıldırım et al 2018) of this species, no studies on leaf morphology have been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

Yildirim

Turna

2021

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Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p< 0.01) among individuals within populations for all leaf characteristics. Variations among populations were detected by cluster analysis and principal components analysis. According to the analysis results, the 11 populations were grouped in three categories. Using correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships between leaf traits were determined. In this study, we detected no significant relationship between environmental factors (altitude, aspect, annual temperature and annual precipitation) and leaf traits. Key words: leaf morphology, Quercus pontica, relict, variation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

Yildirim

Turna

2021

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“…We can see how global climate change is negatively impacting chestnut cultivations. It is therefore imperative to study genetic variability even at a local level to identify adaptive traits that could help with species preservation, as has been done in other species [47,48], and also in chestnut [49]. Genes involved in adaptation have been linked to precipitations, indicating that drought resistance plays a role in species survival in given areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Cavallini

Lombardo

Binelli

et al. 2022

Forests

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The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is an important species of European trees, studied for both ecological and economic reasons. Its cultivation in the Italian peninsula can be linked to the Roman period and has been documented, especially in the Tuscan region, for centuries. We sampled 131 grafted trees from three separate areas to determine the genetic variability between populations and assess genetic identity for different varieties of trees, which is useful for future breeding programs and propagation efforts. Molecular analyses were performed using eight microsatellite loci. A total of 98 alleles was detected with an average of 12.3 alleles per locus. We found high levels of genetic diversity within the varieties of the same area, ranging between He = 0.682–0.745. Of the eight loci, seven were found to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (FST values Differentiation between cultivation areas was significant between 0.052–0.147) with the two Southern Tuscan areas showing the closest relationship as also indicated by Bayesian inference of the population structure, which revealed the existence of three ancestral gene pools of origin. Demographic events were detected by a coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation in two of the homogeneous clusters. This work is a step forward for the conservation of this iconic species, albeit at a regional level, as chestnut varieties have never received the full attention of breeders.

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“…Until the 1980s, hybrids were characterized purely based on morphological characteristics such as leaf morphology [67,[101][102][103][104][105][106], and later based on genetic markers that helped distinguishing species of the same taxonomic section [81,100,107,108]. Some studies have combined morphometric and molecular approaches to identify hybrids [68,[109][110][111]. While understanding morphological and functional variation in combination with molecular variation is key to understanding how introgression shapes species evolution and ecology, molecular genetic markers are more useful for identifying hybrids and quantifying introgression, because molecular markers generally show higher discriminatory power and accuracy in species assignment than morphological characteristics and directly sample the genomic background that is most often the target of studies.…”

Section: The Reality Of Oak Species and Oak Introgressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Genomic Resources to Assess Adaptive Divergence and Introgression in Oaks

Lazić

Hipp

Carlson

et al. 2021

Forests

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Adaptive divergence is widely accepted as a contributor to speciation and the maintenance of species integrity. However, the mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation, the genes involved in adaptive divergence, and the traits that shape the adaptation of wild species to changes in climate are still largely unknown. In studying the role of ecological interactions and environment-driven selection, trees have emerged as potential model organisms because of their longevity and large genetic diversity, especially in natural habitats. Due to recurrent gene flow among species with different ecological preferences, oaks arose as early as the 1970s as a model for understanding how speciation can occur in the face of interspecific gene flow, and what we mean by “species” when geographically and genomically heterogeneous introgression seems to undermine species’ genetic coherence. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research into the genomic underpinnings of adaptive divergence and maintenance of species integrity in oaks in the face of gene flow. We review genomic and analytical tools instrumental to better understanding mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation and environment-driven adaptive introgression in oaks. We review evidence that oak species are genomically coherent entities, focusing on sympatric populations with ongoing gene flow, and discuss evidence for and hypotheses regarding genetic mechanisms linking adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation. As the evolution of drought- and freezing-tolerance have been key to the parallel diversification of oaks, we investigate the question of whether the same or a similar set of genes are involved in adaptive divergence for drought and stress tolerance across different taxa and sections. Finally, we propose potential future research directions on the role of hybridization and adaptive introgression in adaptation to climate change.

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Morphological and genetic variation in natural populations of Quercus vulcanica and Q. frainetto

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Use of Genomic Resources to Assess Adaptive Divergence and Introgression in Oaks

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