Morphological and Histological Studies on Flower Bud Differentiation and Development in Japanese Pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.)

Banno, Kiyoshi; Hayashi, Shinji; Tanabe, Kenji

doi:10.2503/jjshs.55.258

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Undifferentiated meristem developed in the axil of outermost leaf primordium was supposed to develop into a bourse shoot or secondary inflorescence at blooming time in spring. The previous observations of the floral differentiation of Japanese pear 'Nijisseiki' in Tottori, Japan, where the annual average temperature is 14.6°C, correspond well with ours, although they did not fully describe inflorescence development (Banno et al, 1986). We present here more detailed photographs which indicate the order of flower meristem initiation and development in early inflorescence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Early Inflorescence Development between Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Esumi¹,

Tao²,

Yonemori³

2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) form different inflorescence architectures, the former forms raceme inflorescence with about eight flowers and the latter forms solitary-flowered inflorescence. We observed the floral differentiation of Japanese pear and quince to clarify the differences in their early inflorescence development. Floral differentiation of Japanese pear occurred in late June. After apical meristem turned to a dome-like structure, inflorescence developed by forming lateral flower meristems in axils of bracts. The apex of inflorescence became the terminal flower meristem, two or three meristems were initiated in axils of outer bracts and leaf primordia, and finally approximately eight flower meristems were formed in the inflorescence. Floral differentiation of quince was initiated from late October to November after eight leaf primordia had been initiated. Apical meristem transformed to a dome-like structure and initiated sepal primordia. Axillary meristems of bracts or leaf primordia in Japanese pear differentiate to flower meristem while those in quince remained undifferentiated to form axillary buds in the following growing season, resulting in an inflorescence architecture difference in Japanese pear and quince.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Early Inflorescence Development between Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Esumi¹,

Tao²,

Yonemori³

2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…In Japanese pear, the domed apical meristem develops as an inflorescence by initiating lateral flower meristems. Eventually, a terminal flower meristem is initiated on the inflorescence apex (Banno et al, 1986;Esumi et al, 2007). In quince, the domed apical meristem transforms directly into a single flower meristem (Esumi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Flowering In Japanese Pear and Quincementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Floral Development and Transcription Levels of LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homologs in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Esumi

Tao

Yonemori

2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression of LEAFY (LFY) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) homologs in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) buds, in order to elucidate their roles in the flower and inflorescence development of fruit trees in the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Japanese pear and quince were selected because they are very close phylogenetically but develop distinct inflorescence architectures. Floral differentiation in Japanese pear began in late June to early July in Osaka, Japan, forming a raceme inflorescence with about eight flowers, whereas that in quince took place from late October to November in Nagano, Japan, forming a solitary flower in each floral bud. LFY homolog expression levels in both species increased at the floral differentiation stage and remained at relatively high levels in flower meristems after the flower organ differentiation stage. In contrast, TFL1 homolog expression levels in both species were high in vegetative-stage buds, but decreased significantly just before floral differentiation. Japanese pear TFL1 homologs were expressed in the subepidermal layer of the apical meristem before floral differentiation, whereas those of quince were expressed in the epidermal layer of the apical meristem and leaf primordia. We discuss the possible involvement of maloid LFY and TFL1 homologs in triggering floral differentiation, as well as the involvement of the different spatial expression patterns of TFL1 homologs in the inflorescence architectures of Japanese pear and quince.

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“…Indole-3-acetic acid and ABA were estimated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and GAs and cytokinins (CKs) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gibberellin 1 and GA 3 and GA 4 and GA 7 cannot be separated by the HPLC method used, so these GAs were estimated and Flower initiation in Japanese pear occurs in late June after shoot elongation ceases (Banno et al, 1986). Floral primordia appear in apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Bending Shoots Stimulates Flowering and Influences Hormone Levels in Lateral Buds of Japanese Pear

Ito¹,

Yaegaki²,

Hayama³

et al. 1999

HortSci

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Flower development of the lateral buds was accelerated in Japanese pear [Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak.] when vertical shoots were bent at a 45° angle in late June. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration in lateral buds on vertical (control) shoots increased in mid-July, while remaining nearly constant in bent shoots. The abscisic acid (ABA) concentration of buds in bent shoots rose between 4 July and 15 Aug., whereas control shoots exhibited an increase in concentration followed by a decline. Gibberellin4+7 (GA4+7) concentration was high on 16 June, and then declined by 4 July, with the decline being greatest in bent shoots. Gibberellin4+7 concentration was higher in the buds on vertical shoots than in those on bent shoots for much of July. The concentrations of zeatin-type cytokinins (CKs) in lateral buds were higher in bent shoots than in vertical shoots. Bending of pear shoots may weaken competition between buds and other organs through altering hormone levels in lateral buds, resulting in acceleration of flower development.

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Morphological and Histological Studies on Flower Bud Differentiation and Development in Japanese Pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.)

Abstract: In order to clarify the mechanism of flower bud differentiation in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.), the processes of differentiation and development of the flower bud in the spur of `Nijisseiki' pear were followed morphologically and histologically.

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Comparison of Early Inflorescence Development between Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Comparison of Early Inflorescence Development between Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Relationship between Floral Development and Transcription Levels of LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homologs in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Bending Shoots Stimulates Flowering and Influences Hormone Levels in Lateral Buds of Japanese Pear

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