Morphological and kinetic parameters of the uptake of nitrogen forms in clonal peach rootstocks

Abstract

Peach (Prunus persica L.) rootstock cultivars are typically selected for scion compatibility, ease of propagation, vigor, development, flowering season, yield, low need for cold temperatures, resistance to diseases, effects on the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruit, plant longevity and adaptation to adverse edaphoclimatic conditions. However, kinetic parameters related to nutrient uptake efficiency are usually not considered, such as those of nitrate (NO 3 −) and ammonium (NH 4 +). N is the nutrient that most impacts growth and yield. The objective of this study was to show the importance of the kinetic parameters of NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake as additional criteria for selecting peach rootstocks. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Three rootstock ('Aldrighi', 'Tsukuba1' and 'Clone 15′) were grown for 30 days in a pot containing 0.1 mol L-1 CaSO4 solution to reduce internal reserves of N. Afterwards, the plants were placed in Hoagland nutrient solution, where periodic collections of the nutrient solution were carried out for three days and the concentrations of NO 3 − and NH 4 + were determined. After the third day of collecting the solution, the plants were collected and then separated into leaves, roots and stems. Dry matter and total N content were assessed. The kinetic parameters related to NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake (maximum uptake rate-V max , affinity constant-K m , Minimum concentration-C min , Influx-I) were calculated using Cinética software. The most efficient rootstock for NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake was 'Tsukuba1', as it showed the lowest values of C min and K m and the highest values of V max and I max for NO 3 − and NH 4 +. NO 3 − uptake in 'Tsukuba1' and 'Aldrighi' showed a two-phase uptake pattern, suggesting the presence of low and high affinity transport systems. On the other hand, NH 4 + uptake in the three cultivars apparently followed a one-phase uptake pattern, suggesting the presence of a high affinity transport system. The kinetic parameters of NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake are additional criteria that can be used in selecting peach rootstocks, as they directly influence shoot and root dry matter production and N accumulation in leaves.

Kinetic parameters related to nitrogen uptake in ‘Okinawa’ peach rootstocks are altered by ‘Chimarrita’ scion Nitrogen uptake in ‘Okinawa’ peach rootstock

“…Following the acclimation period, plants were induced to the depletion of internal nutrient reserves in a 0.01 mol L −1 CaSO 4 solution (Vetec Chemistry, Xerem, Brazil), which provided only Ca and S needed to preserve the cell membrane integrity and maintain the electrochemical potential 10 . Plants were separated into two groups composed of five plants for each treatment (‘Okinawa’ rootstock with and without scion graft).…”

“…Plants with a higher need for N can also be selected according to kinetic parameters, 8,9 but most will probably demand nitrogen fertilizer applications with a higher frequency and/or in more significant quantities throughout the crop cycle. Paula et al 10 . and collaborators reported that, for some peach rootstocks, such as the Tsukuba 1, there was a higher uptake rate and NO 3 − affinity when compared with Aldrighi and Clone 15, indicating that distinct peach rootstocks may have different kinetic parameters, which alters N uptake efficiency.…”

Unlocking All-Solid Ion Selective Electrodes: Prospects in Crop Detection

“…For example, N is an important element for crop growth. The forms of N element in the growing environment of crops are NH 4 + and NO 3 − [ 113 ]. Much research has been conducted on these two ASSISEs [ 29 , 46 , 114 ].…”

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Peach Rootstocks Uncovers the Effect of Gene Differential Expression on Nitrogen Use Efficiency

“…Peach tree, the third largest deciduous fruit tree in China, is a type of NO 3 − -N-loving plant, absorbs NO 3 − -N as the main nitrogen source, and has low- and high-affinity transport systems to absorb NO 3 − -N fertilizer [ 23 ]. Due to the lack of understanding of the nitrogen absorption and metabolism in peach trees, the phenomenon of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers in peach production is relatively common, which not only leads to the imbalance of phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, but also increases the workload of tree management, reduces fruit quality, and even causes physical diseases.…”