Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica phenotypes from co-endemic localities in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa

Haridwal, Sayurika; Malatji, Mokgadi P.; Mukaratirwa, Samson

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00114

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Fasciola hepatica infections were documented in Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, where the native intermediate hosts of this species, G. truncatula, has been documented (40,41). Furthermore, Haridwal et al (28) also reported the presence of aspermic Fasciola sp specimens from F. hepatica population from cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. In addition, other snail species such as the native R. natalensis and the alien invasive P. columella were also documented in these provinces (32,40,41,58), which explained the presence of F. gigantica in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces and the overlapping distribution between the two species in these two provinces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have revealed that both F. hepatica and F. gigantica occur in South Africa (4), and infections in definitive hosts and intermediate hosts have been reported in six of nine provinces of South Africa (4,(26)(27)(28). Reports have also shown that these two species have a geographical overlap in their distribution in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (4,(27)(28)(29). Fasciola gigantica was reported to infect cattle (4, 27-29), while F. hepatica infections were documented in wildlife (4,30), cattle (4,(27)(28)(29)31), and horses (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports have also shown that these two species have a geographical overlap in their distribution in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (4,(27)(28)(29). Fasciola gigantica was reported to infect cattle (4, 27-29), while F. hepatica infections were documented in wildlife (4,30), cattle (4,(27)(28)(29)31), and horses (32). There have also been cases of human infections in the Western Cape (33) and Gauteng (34) provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Fasciola (Digenea: Fasciolidae) Species in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans, and the Geographical Distribution of Their Intermediate Hosts in South Africa—A Scoping Review

2022

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This review was conducted to provide an update on the status of the occurrence of Fasciola species in livestock, wildlife and humans, and the geographical distribution of snail intermediate host (IH) species in South Africa. The literature search was conducted on four electronic databases using the Boolean operators in combination with predetermined search terms for thematic analysis. Results showed that Fasciola species have been reported in six out of nine provinces of South Africa in the last six decades (1960–2021), with both F. hepatica and F. gigantica infecting vertebrate hosts and F. hepatica and Fasciola spp infecting humans. Results also showed that most studies relied on morphological identification of eggs and flukes without molecular confirmation, which might have led to the misidentification of specimens, especially when immature. Fasciola hepatica has been documented in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The occurrences of Galba truncatula as the probable snail IH for F. hepatica in the three provinces has been documented while Pseudosuccinea columella has only been documented in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The occurrence of F. gigantica to date has been reported in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, with overlapping distribution with F. hepatica. Radix natalensis, the main IH of F. gigantica has been documented in all the three provinces, while the two alien Radix species (R. auricularia and R. rubiginosa) were documented in KwaZulu-Natal province and have been implicated elsewhere with the transmission of F. gigantica. The presence of Fasciola spp eggs and antibodies in humans were documented in the Eastern Cape and the Western Cape provinces, where both P. columella and G. truncatula are known to be present. The prevalence of Fasciola spp infection in livestock ranged from 9.1 to 37.67 %, with an estimated annual financial loss ranging from R44930.26-129901 in cattle production in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This review reaffirms the scarcity of information on the occurrence and burden of fasciolosis in South Africa, and further highlights the importance of future research covering all provinces of the country and assessing the public health significance of the disease in resource-poor livestock communities in the areas where the parasite is endemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Fasciola (Digenea: Fasciolidae) Species in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans, and the Geographical Distribution of Their Intermediate Hosts in South Africa—A Scoping Review

2022

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“…The adult flukes were collected from the livers of sheep in a Xinjiang Urumqi slaughterhouse. After washing them with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.2–7.4) three times, and then following Haridwal [ 24 ] and Giovanoli Evack’s methods [ 18 ], the worms were identified as F. hepatica by morphological and molecular biological techniques. Anti- F. hepatica sera were collected from sheep whose livers were found to be infected with F. hepatica at the abattoir and negative sera were collected from captive 6-month-old sheep.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a novel GSTO2 ofFasciola hepaticaand its roles in modulating murine macrophages

et al. 2022

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Fascioliasis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and poses a serious threat to global public health. To evade the immune response of its host (humans or animals), F. hepatica secretes various antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase (GST) to facilitate its invasion, migration and parasitism in vivo. To investigate the biological functions of a novel omega-class GST (GSTO), the molecular features of GSTO2 of F. hepatica were analyzed by online software, and the biochemical properties in vitro of recombinant GSTO2 (rGSTO2) were dissected. Then, the regulatory roles of rGSTO2 protein in murine macrophages in vitro were further explored. The results revealed that the GSTO2 gene encodes 254 amino acids, which harbor the characteristic N-terminal domain (βαβαββα) and C-terminal domain (α-helical) of the cytoplasmic GST superfamily. GSTO2 was mainly expressed in F. hepatica vitelline follicles, intestinal tract, excretory pores and vitelline cells, with thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Moreover, rGSTO2 protein could be taken up by murine macrophages and significantly inhibit the viability of macrophages. In addition, rGSTO2 protein could significantly promote apoptosis and modulate the expression of cytokines in macrophages. These findings suggested that F. hepatica GSTO2 plays an important role in modulating the physiological functions of macrophages, whereby this protein might be involved in immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles during infection. This study provided new insights into the immune-evasion mechanism of F. hepatica and may contribute to the development of a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

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“…The prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection is approximately 17 million in the human population worldwide (8,10). The lymnaeid snails are secondary or intermediate hosts of Fasciola spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Virulence Factor Glycoprotein (Gp63) of Leishmania spp. in Phlebotomus Sand Flies

Al-Mayali

Alyasiri

2020

Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci

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Introduction: Liver flukes (Fasciola species) are parasitic helminths that cause fascioliasis in cattle and humans. The Fasciola species (F. hepatica and F. gigantica) have complicated life cycles in the host snails and mammals. The cattle and human population get infected after ingestion of contaminated miracidium stages of Fasciola through aquatic plants or contaminated water. The developmental stages of liver flukes can be discontinued by terminating larval stages such as sporocyst, redia, and cercaria in vivo or by killing intermediate hosts. Synthetic anthelmintic compounds are highly effective but they cause adverse effects in the environment. Plant products are eco-friendly and safe which can be used in the control of parasitic helminths. Methods: In vitro anthelmintic activities of different preparations of Solanum surattense such as pulverized leaf products, extracts (ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone, and ethanol), and column purified fractions were assessed against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae of F. gigantica. Different preparations of the S. surattense were assessed separately against Fasciola larva after 2 to 8 hours of exposure. These larvae, having up to 48-hour survivability, were kept in tap water at laboratory conditions. Results: Larval mortality was observed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours of exposure for the calculation of LC50 value. Among all the organic extracts, the maximum larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol after 2 hours of exposure, the LC50 value against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria was reported to be 63.21, 64.24, and 63.54 mg/mL, respectively. However, maximum activity was observed after 8 hours of exposure in column purified fractions, and the LC50 value against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria was reported to be 48.25, 47.61, and 44.15 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Conclusively, the present research study indicates that S. surattense is a potent source of anthelmintic compounds which can be used for the control of sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae of F. gigantica.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica phenotypes from co-endemic localities in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Occurrence of Fasciola (Digenea: Fasciolidae) Species in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans, and the Geographical Distribution of Their Intermediate Hosts in South Africa—A Scoping Review

Occurrence of Fasciola (Digenea: Fasciolidae) Species in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans, and the Geographical Distribution of Their Intermediate Hosts in South Africa—A Scoping Review

Molecular characterization of a novel GSTO2 ofFasciola hepaticaand its roles in modulating murine macrophages

Molecular Detection of Virulence Factor Glycoprotein (Gp63) of Leishmania spp. in Phlebotomus Sand Flies

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