Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Adrenal Cortex of Androgenized Female Rats

Silva, Benedito Borges da; Lopes-Costa, Pedro Vitor; Rosal, Marta Alves; Pires, Cleicilene Gomes; Santos, Lina Gomes dos; Gontijo, José Antônio Rocha; Alencar, Airlane Pereira; Simões, Manuel de Jesus

doi:10.1159/000098956

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…39,41,42 These animals in adulthood present anovulation, higher LH secretion, polycystic ovaries and aggressive behavior when in contact with males, thus there is a resemblance to the human condition of polycystic ovary syndrome. 18,40 Furthermore, rats in persistent estrus may have hypertension, as shown in a study conducted by Gontijo et al 8 Those authors showed that rats in persistent estrus had a significant increase in arterial pressure, in comparison to rats in the control group. 8 trEatmEnt Regarding treatment, it is recommended to start with aggressive diet/lifestyle modifications which may lead to weight loss, improve anovulation and indirectly cause a reduction in systolic arterial pressure.…”

Section: Pcos and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…17 Another site for androgen production is the adrenal cortex, due to abnormalities in cortical stereoidogenesis promoted by stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone. 18 And these excess androgen levels, mainly testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cause premature atresia of ovarian follicles, forming multiple cysts and anovulation with persistent estrogen levels resulting from aromatization of androgens to estrogens without opposition of progesterone and associated with an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma. 19,20 clInIcal manIfEStatIonS and dIagnoSIS…”

Section: Etiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: A literature review

Andrade

Mata

Borges³

et al. 2016

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder with variable prevalence, affecting about one in every 15 women worldwide. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome requires at least two of the following criteria: oligoovulation and/or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism and morphology of polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS appear to have a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this article was to present a review of the literature by searching the databases Pubmed and Scielo, focusing on publications related to polycystic ovaries, including its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapeutic aspects, as well as its association with cardiovascular and arterial hypertensive disorders.

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Section: Pcos and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Etiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: A literature review

Andrade

Mata

Borges³

et al. 2016

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…These epithelial cells are grouped into three different adrenocortical zones arranged as zona glomerulosa (ZG), zona fasciculate (ZF), and zona reticularis (ZR). The cells of ZG secrete significant amounts of the mineralcorticoids aldosterone, and ZF cells secrete the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone, in addition to small amounts of adrenal androgens and estrogens, while ZR cells secrete the adrenal androgens androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and small amounts of estrogens and some glucocorticoids (da Silva et al, 2007;Kutovaja and Bhatia, 2014).…”

Section: The Nd Supraphysiological Dose Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Anabolic Androgenic Steroid "Nandrolone Decanote" on the Histological and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Adrenal Cortex of Adult Male Rat

Aboelwafa¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.

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Article InfoThe anabolic androgenic steroid nandrolone decanote (ND) is a synthetic testosterone derivative represented the most widely abused drugs all over the world with the purpose of ameliorating athletic efficiency and appearance. Despite the prevailing misuse of ND, the endocrine influences of supraphysiologic dosages of this compound still ambiguous. The present investigation was designed to study the effect of therapeutic and supraphysiologic doses of ND on histological and ultrastructural features of rats adrenal cortices. Twenty-four animals were grouped into control, ND therapeutic dose, and ND supraphysiologic dose groups. The current results showed that the adrenal cortices of rats treated with ND therapeutic dose exhibited mild alteration of their adrenocortical zones; ZG, ZF and ZR. Whereas, the adrenal cortices of rats treated with the ND supraphysiological dose manifested severe degenerative changes represented as reduction in the thickness of all adrenocortical zones, compression of their cells which appeared with vacuolated cytoplasm and their nuclei showed signs of pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Most of the adverse impacts following the abuse of ND resulted from the enhancement of normal physiologic response to testosterone by either direct receptor agonist activity or suppression of steroid biosynthesis. The current histological and ultrastructural studies emphasis that the supraphysiologic dose of ND induced serious hazardous alterations in the adrenal cortex which might be reflected in suppression of steroid hormones biosynthesis. Therefore, these results are exceedingly pertinent to highlight the prospective hazard of the indistinctive utilization of the AASs in sports by athletes and bodybuilders, as well as by adolescents.

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“…An external cortex covers a central medulla [1] . The cortex has three morphological zones differing in function: the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis [2] . These three zones play different roles in steroid hormone synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The volumetric effects of nandrolone deconate treatment on the adrenal zones of male and female rats

Cüce

Tasgin

Bahar

et al. 2015

J Adv Nutr Hum Metab

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Nandrolone deconoate (ND), a testosterone analog, is often inappropriately used at high doses by sportspersons.The aim of the present study was to explore the volumetric effects of ND on the adrenal gland zones of male and female rats using a stereological technique. A total of 34 rats (30 days of age; 17 males, 17 females) were used. Control male (HMC) and female (HFC) control groups, vehicle male (VM) and female groups (VF), and Nandrolone deconoate male (NDM) and female (NDF) groups, were formed. Intraperitoneal (IP) injections were given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, all rats were euthanized and the adrenal glands immediately removed. The tissues were fixed in Bouin's fluid and paraffin blocks were prepared for routine histological examination. Serial sections were selected using a systematic random sampling method, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic images were transferred to a personal computer. The zonal and medullary volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. In male rats, significant differences were evident in the volumes of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and medulla between the HMC and VM groups (P<0.05). The medullary volumes differed between the VM and NDM groups (P<0.05); however, NDM was the experimental group and VM the vehicle (oil) group. No difference was evident between the NDM and control groups. In female rats, no difference was evident between any two groups. Thus, ND does not seem to affect the rat adrenal glands.

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Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Adrenal Cortex of Androgenized Female Rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Current aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: A literature review

Current aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: A literature review

Impact of the Anabolic Androgenic Steroid "Nandrolone Decanote" on the Histological and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Adrenal Cortex of Adult Male Rat

The volumetric effects of nandrolone deconate treatment on the adrenal zones of male and female rats

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