Morphological and nanostructure characteristics of soot particles emitted from a jet-stirred reactor burning aviation fuel

Hu, Xuehuan; Yu, Zhenhong; Huang, Yong; Zhang, Chi; Salehi, Fatemeh; Chen, Rui; Harrison, Roy M.; Xu, Jinglei

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111760

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…As can be seen from Figure 11d, when the engine runs at the speed of 700 rpm, most of the particles are wrapped in fuel, and the soot particles are completely submerged, with a small part appearing in a semi-exposed state. This type of soot particle was also found in the studies [26,27]. The energy spectrum analysis results show that the oxygen content of the particles ranges from 40% to 20%, and the carbon-oxygen ratio of the particles corresponding to Figure 11g is 65:35.…”

Section: Analysis Of Vehicle Exhaust Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Calibration and Experimental Study of a Self-Developed Particle-Number Measurement Instrument

Li,

Luo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Processes

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To accurately evaluate the size and distribution characteristics of the emission particles exhausted from in-use motor vehicle engines, we independently developed a condensation particle counter (CPC) known as BHCPC. It was calibrated by conducting the calibration procedures stated in the International Standard ISO 27981. After calibration, we conducted on-site measurements and offline sampling analysis of soot particles exhausted from different engines at a motor vehicle inspection center. The calibration results show that the detection efficiency is 90% when the particle diameter is 20.6 nm and the startup response time of the instrument is 3.53 s. The experiment results show that the self-developed BHCPC demonstrates good consistency in measuring particle-number concentration (PNC) in motor vehicle exhaust, with significant count fluctuations only occurring when PNC is higher than 25,000 P/cc. Under idle conditions, motor vehicles compliant with China VI emission regulations exhibit markedly lower exhaust emission PNC compared to those adhering to China IV emission regulations. Moreover, the results obtained from the offline electron microscope analysis show that fuel content in particle samples significantly decreases as engine speed increases, and a similar variation was also found in particle size. The micro-characteristics of the particle can give potential support to the combustion diagnostics.

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Section: Analysis Of Vehicle Exhaust Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Calibration and Experimental Study of a Self-Developed Particle-Number Measurement Instrument

Li,

Luo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…As a result, it is particularly important to study soot formation process under laboratory-scale configurations. As a significant branch of soot formation in combustion research, soot formation characteristics for one laboratory-scale reaction configuration (e.g., nonpremixed flames, laminar premixed flame, shock tubes, and flow reactors) have been studied by many scholars. ,− However, these studies mostly focused on the soot nanostructure characteristics for methane, ethylene, − aviation fuel, , and so on. A nanostructure characteristics study on soot formation formed by an algae-based aviation biofuel has yet to be presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot Morphology and Nanostructure Differences between Chinese Aviation Kerosene and Algae-Based Aviation Biofuel in Free Jet Laminar Diffusion Flames

Chang

Yang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Aircraft soot has a significant effect on the air quality and human health. The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of soot morphology in free jet laminar diffusion flames between Chinese traditional aviation kerosene RP-3 and algae-based aviation biofuels. The differences in height, profile, and structural properties of soot between the RP-3 flame and biofuel flame are determined. A laboratory-made probe sampling method was applied for soot sample collection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analyzers were used to analyze the collected soot particles. The average particle size of soot increases first and then decreases in both flames, and the size of biofuel primary particles is smaller than that of jet fuel RP-3 particles along the same flame height. At the flame tip, the primary particle sizes of RP-3 soot and biofuel soot are 22.7 and 15.6 mm, respectively. In comparison with the RP-3 soot, the nanostructure of biofuel soot particles along the same flame height exhibits a shorter fringe lattice, a larger fringe tortuosity, and a larger interlayer spacing, which indicate a higher degree of oxidation reactivity. Meanwhile, RP-3 soot particles have a lower H/C atom ratio and have greater intensity in X-ray diffraction, which indicates a more orderly and compact lattice structure. This study provides some references in studying the algae-based biofuel with regard to soot formation.

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Planar time-resolved laser-induced incandescence for pressurized premixed Jet-A combustion

et al. 2023

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Morphological and nanostructure characteristics of soot particles emitted from a jet-stirred reactor burning aviation fuel

Cited by 23 publications

References 73 publications

Calibration and Experimental Study of a Self-Developed Particle-Number Measurement Instrument

Calibration and Experimental Study of a Self-Developed Particle-Number Measurement Instrument

Soot Morphology and Nanostructure Differences between Chinese Aviation Kerosene and Algae-Based Aviation Biofuel in Free Jet Laminar Diffusion Flames

Planar time-resolved laser-induced incandescence for pressurized premixed Jet-A combustion

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