Morphological and physiological characterization of two new pineapple somaclones derived from in vitro culture

Abstract

We previously reported a partial agricultural and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) characterization of two new pineapple somaclones (P3R5 and Dwarf) derived from in vitro culture of the donor cv. Red Spanish Pinar. Both somaclonal variants showed different AFLP banding patterns compared to the donor cultivar, although they were separated by less than 0.09 U of genetic distance. The present report shows data of various indicators of morphology and physiology of P3R5 and Dwarf D leaves. The stoma diameter, number of stomata per square millimiter, diameter of leaf vascular tissue, thickness of the leaf aquiferous parenchyma, and thickness of the leaf photosynthetic parenchyma were measured. The photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the water use efficiency, the internal leaf CO 2 concentration, and the chlorophyll pigment contents were recorded as well. Between the somaclonal variant P3R5 and the donor genotype, statistically significant differences were recorded in all indicators with the exception of the stoma diameter and the photosynthetic rate. Comparing the somaclonal variant Dwarf and the cv. Red Spanish Pinar (donor), statistically significant differences were also recorded in all parameters except in the stoma diameter and in the transpiration rate. This investigation was performed to demonstrate that small changes in the pineapple DNA may result in relevant phenotypic modifications.

New Pineapple Somaclonal Variants: P3R5 and Dwarf

“…Taking into consideration the phenotype, somaclonal variant Dwarf is more different from the donor plant than P3R5. The AFLP characterization supports these phenotype differences at genome level [43,44]. As far as we know, this is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of pineapple somaclonal variants.…”

“…We obtained two new pineapple somaclonal variants derived from in vitro culture of cv. Red Spanish Pinar [43,44]. This paper shows a broad genotypic and phenotypic analysis of P3R5 and Dwarf somaclonal variants.…”

Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement

“…A wide variety of tools are available for the detection and characterization of somaclonal variants which are primarily based on the differences in morphological traits (Pérez et al 2009, 2011; Nhut et al 2013), cytogenetical analysis for the determination of numerical and structural variation in the chromosomes (Clarindo et al 2012; Currais et al 2013; Abreu et al 2014), biochemical (Vujovic et al 2010; Kar et al 2014), molecular DNA markers (Krishna and Singh 2007; Pathak and Dhawan 2012; Hossain et al 2013; Bello-Bello et al 2014) or their combinations (Horáček et al 2013; Dey et al 2015; Stanišić et al 2015). The best test for assessing somaclonal variation is to fruit out the plants and conduct an extensive horticultural evaluation, which is unfortunately a long-term endeavor with woody fruit crops, particularly (Grosser et al 1996).…”

Efficient long-term conservation of Taraxacum pieninicum synthetic seeds in slow growth conditions

“…It is a random phenomenon, which can affect any region of the genome and can be exhibited at various levels, including phenotypical, cytological, biochemical and genetic/epigenetic (Krishna et al 2016). Detection and characterization of somaclonal variants is carried out by analyzing the morphology of plants (Pérez et al 2011), the structure and number of chromosomes (Currais et al 2013), the profile of protein (Yaacob et al 2013) or DNA content of the cells (Jin et al 2008). It is assumed that factor affecting cell cycle may increase the probability of somaclonal variation.…”